Well....there are different levels of 'cheap target loads'. If they are 7/8 or 1oz....going to a 1 1/8oz load might be enough to make it run. Look at the 'dram eqv' on the box...3 is about minimum from what I've read on the Russian guns along with 1 1/8oz or heavier shot load. If the dram eqv isn't listed...look at the velocity rating. The light shells will often be '1200' fps where the heavier loaded stuff '1250' or more.
From the way it sounds...you need a bit more kick to cycle the gun...so a heavier loaded shell might be all that's needed. Be sure you're shouldering the gun tightly and offering a good solid resistance to the recoil because this will reduce the amount of shell power needed to run the gun. There is such a thing as 'limp wristing' with pistols and gas or recoil operated shotguns will behave in a similar manner if the gun is allowed to move too easily.
It is concerning that the gun didn't run the buckshot...but you didn't say what kind it was. Some shells are not as strong as others and I find it hard to believe that a full-power buckshot load wouldn't run the gun. I've got several cases of Herters 9 ball '00' buck here that are listed as 1200 fps...and they're actually pretty darn weak. FAR less kick than full power hunting buckshot for sure, and they very well might not be able to run your gun.
Of course...the gun could be tuned to run with just about any ammo you want to put in it....just be aware that making it cycle with the very light shells will also subject it to battering more should the very stout ammo be used. How many magazines do you have and do they all behave in the same way? Sometimes the magazine spring will push the round up so hard that it drags on the bolt and this can cause problems. If you only load two rounds...chamber one then fire it, will the next/last round fire? If so...then the mag might be an issue.
Have you tried bumping the bolt after each shot just to force it fully home? If this works, then excessive bolt drag during feeding might be the culprit. I'm assuming when you load the gun that you're fully pulling back the bolt, so we can assume that when firing it's not coming back all the way?
The hammer spring is made very strong so it'll light even the hardest primer when the gun is dirty, but that strong hammer spring also holds the bolt closed and must be pushed back during the firing cycle. I've played with several guns over the years that were finicky shooters and were cured by slightly lightening the hammer spring tension. This is something that you really have to do gently and gradually or misfires will happen and if you're not comfortable doing internal work it might be best left to a local smith.
The Russian guns are very well made (I really like the Russian guns!) but they ARE assuming that you'll be using full-power loads and have the gun sprung accordingly. With hammer down, see how hard it is to pull back the bolt. That is the force that the gas system must overcome to cycle...and a slight reduction in this resistance will make it run much more reliably with lighter ammo. You might call around and see if a local 'smith would know what to do to help you. Good luck!
Edit: something like this might help you.
http://www.carolinashooterssupply.c...ng_hammer_spring_tromix_p/jte-main-spring.htm