45-70 load and odd recoil.

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Ok I see you’re using a Lyman Digital. I just don’t trust digital scales. And your crimp is too much. But that alone doesn’t account for the vast inconsistencies. If you had a load that printed one hole, why change it? You can’t get any better than that.
The hot load of 52.6 is what touches holes. The other loads shoot 1.5”
 
52.6 is middle target from last year. The others are 49 & 50 gr. Saturday it shot the same if not better.
 

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Trim your brass, if you have some that have stretched even a little bit, then you are putting an inconsistent crimp on them which will cause different pressure spikes. Sometimes too much pressure!
 
It’s gotta be the crimp or powder. 44 and 48.5 put 3-4 rounds within 2” of each other and then would send a round with more recoil. I’m going to toss that powder and load some with a new pound.
 
I've found IMR4198 to be a fairly consistent powder, at least on the low-end. I typically use IMR3031 for higher velocity... but with the lighter bullets you are loading, IMR4198 should be more than fine.

For the sake of experiment... and assuming you are single-loading, at least for test purposes... try no crimp, or just bump the case mouth with a taper crimp. I, of course, crimped when I was loading for the 1895, but with my 1885 I have to flare with an M-die (for the cast bullets...) and all I do is tap the mouth back in with a taper crimp die. That would take the crimp inconsistencies out, at least until you can prove your load and move forward.
 
I guess I didn’t put each load on the scale like I thought I did cause loading today the LEE powder measure threw as much as 1.5gr difference. 48.5 would throw 47gr and then 48 and then low again.
 
Well my Lee Perfect Powder measure doesn’t like IMR4198. I found last week it was throwing charges low thus giving me the odd recoil. I loaded 44gr of IMR 4198 yesterday and had two instances where the powder got stuck inside the thrower and on the next dump it threw so much it overflowed the case. I hand weighed and trickled up the charge to 44gr and got this group at 100yards. The last two on the diamond were moved for actual sight in purposes. I have some others loaded up a little warmer approaching Hornady max that I will try this week and see how they group.
 

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Many years ago I bought a LPPM, I used it about 6 minutes before I became so frustrated with it I threw it in the corner and, eventually, sold it on eBay. Nothing perfect about it.
It does great with other stuff, but for some reason it was holding a lot of IMR4198. After Christmas I will be buying an RCBS.
 
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