I've shot pigeons on top of the barn and watch a couple of feathers drop as the pigeon flies away annoyed but unharmed. In a nutshell, smooth bores and 22 shot shells are just not very effective. I killed a lot of starlings at night in the winter, but the average shot was less than 20 feet. But, once I had access to a pellet gun, I never shot the 22 again; pellets were much much cheaper.