What does it really give over the .40 or .45? It's about 100 fps faster than the .40 (both loaded warm from similar bbl lengths) so what is that 100 fps "certainly" going to accomplish?
Not anything like .357 Mag vs. 38 Special. There are 38 Special specific bullets and .357 Mag specific bullets and by specific I mean designed around intended velocities, not so much with the .400" bullets. The .357 Mag operates at nearly TWICE the pressure of the 38 Special which is why it can have a 400-500 fps advantage. Yes the .357 hold more powder too but the biggest reason for such a gap in velocity is pressure.
The 10mm technically has a higher pressure rating by 2500 PSI, or right about 7% higher. What is that worth? It isn't capable of quite a bit more. For instance, from a G20 I can run a 180gr @ ~1350 fps loaded HOT and the same 180gr from a G22 at ~1250 fps loaded HOT. Does that really qualify as "quite a bit more"?
For what it's worth, I've had a LOT more issues with 10mm brass over the years than .40 brass, makes me think .40 brass is stronger. Oh yeah, unless you can get 10mm brass for free (you can with .40/.45 if you pick it up at the range), buying 10mm brass is costlier than .40/.45.
Sure, I could expand all day but here's a short graphic.
From a 1" longer barrel (5" 10mm vs 4" .40), the 10mm is about 125-130 fps faster. The 10mm is even loaded to higher pressure and I bring that up because if loaded to similar pressures, that 125-130 fps would be even less and if 1" of barrel were cut to give the 10mm a 4" bbl, that's another 40-50 fps or so.
At absolute best the 10mm has about a 10% velocity advantage over the .40. Of course, the 10mm uses existing .40 designed bullets so pushing those faster doesn't necessarily benefit anything because when pushed too fast (a velocity BTW attainable at upper .40 levels for even the toughest JHP's) they break apart and give less penetration, not more and that's bad.