An 1898 Colt Bisley Flat Top in .44 Special

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That is a BEAUTIFUL old revolver and you're a lucky man! I hope you get many years of enjoyment out of it. I love the old Bisley's and confess to owning three of them!

As far as what type loads to shoot, I for one would not shoot anything over SAAMI spec's in it, but regarding black powder vs. smokeless powder it seems to me pressure is pressure. First, I for one cannot wrap my head around how a 14,000 psi black powder load is safer than say a 9,000 psi smokeless load. In over 40 years of handloading I've seen a single warning indicating that a given chamber pressure is more or less dangerous depending on which powder is creating the pressure. For example, I've never read in a reloading manual that a 12,000 psi load in a given cartridge using Bullseye (a very fast burning smokeless powder) is more dangerous than a 14,000 psi load using AL2400 ( a relatively slow burning powder). Second, most of these discussions are carried on as though the pressure in question, at whatever level it may be, were being applied directly to the chamber walls. T'aint so. The brass is the first line of defense against the cylinders walls rupturing and if you've ever seen a cross section illustrating the difference is the construction of a cartridge case produced 100 years ago (balloon head) vs. one produced today (solid head), it's pretty amazing. I found some old balloon head .44 Special cases in some of my junk and compared their weight to that of a solid head. 79.3 grs. and 107.5 grs. respectively. The solid head was almost 28% heavier in the area that matters most thereby creating an additional amount of brass that must be displaced before the steel in the cylinder can begin to yield.

Most of the Cowboy Action ammunition in this caliber (Ultramax, Magtech, HSM) is loaded very, very light with velocities running in from 650 fps to on the low end to 725 on the high end. Cross referencing at loads in that velocity range in the Lyman manual, I'd bet these factory loads are running pressures around 5000-6000 cup.

Not trying to be argumentative at all here, just thinking out loud.

35W
 
Peak pressure it not the only factor. The pressure curve is also at play.

I also don't see any blackpowder cartridge loads exceeding 9000psi.
 
Tony I can't help with whether it's smokeless or black, but black powder should be safe in any gun that is in shootable condition.
I loaded some .44 Mags with black one time just to see, & it worked well.
Good shooting.
 
Update on the Bisley: I finally slugged the barrel. I used the trick of melting lead in a .45 case to make the slug which worked pretty well. I used lead shot so I had a few voids but I slugged it twice with the same results. The barrel is .427 which really seems to be more 44-40 than .44 special but I'm new to both calibers so just guessing based on what I've read. Worse though is that either by caliper measurement or by slugging the cylinder bores are smaller at about .421-.424. From what I know about revolver accuracy that's not good, the bores should be .001 or so larger than the barrel. So it sounds like if I shoot it as it is I'll get leading and or poor accuracy.

Not sure how far I want to go to make it shootable. It *would* be a very valuable gun if it were unmolested. It seems to me having the chambers reamed to the right diameter would not really affect it cosmetically but any input on that is appreciated. Of all the guns I own this is one I don't plan on selling but I don't want to goof it up either.

Thanks all, the saga continues...


dakotaTex
 
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Thanks for the updates. This has been one of the more enjoyable reads here in the Revolver subforum.

While you seem to know your way around a micrometer I don't know if you reload. Forgive me if you already do... but Ol' Uncle Elmer used to suggest that one begin his handloading experience using black powder... why not have that cylinder's throats properly sized, then gitcherself a .44-40 die set and a single-stage reloading press and just have a ball! shooting that great old gun with black powder metallic cartridge foadey-fo foadey.
 
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Thanks for the updates. This has been one of the more enjoyable reads here in the Revolver subforum.

While you seem to know your way around a micrometer I don't know if you reload. Forgive me if you already do... but Ol' Uncle Elmer used to suggest that one begin his handloading experience using black powder... why not have that cylinder's throats properly sized, then gitcherself a .44-40 die set and a single-stage reloading press and just have a ball! shooting that great old gun with black powder metallic cartridge foadey-fo foadey.
Thanks for the comment. Once upon a time I did reload. After doing a lot of research regarding this particular SAA I have to agree with your suggestion, if I start shooting it a lot I should reload to get the best results. I do have several other SAA's in 44-40 that I could shoot so it would be a good load to start with. That or .45 long Colt as have several of those that I would love to shoot as well.


dakotaTex
 
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And my measurements of .468 for the cylinder openings are very close to the .469 shown in your cartridge dimension drawing.

Where did you get .469? The diameter for the 44-40 bullet is .427 - .003. That means the tolerance range for the bullet is between .427 and .424. The chamber drawing shows the chamber throats as being .4436 +/- .002. That translates to .4456 on the high end and 4416 on the low end. We have already determined it looks like your cylinder may be the original cylinder. 78 Bisley Target models left the factory chambered for 44-40. If that is indeed the original cylinder, according to your letter, and Kuhnhausen, the gun shipped in 1898, which is before the Colt factory cutoff for Smokeless powder.

I am not going to explain again why the steel in these old guns is not up to modern Smokeless Powders. Yes, there are some powders that can duplicate the old BP pressure curves, but none of the standard powders used for handgun ammo will do that.

If it were my gun, and I even remotely suspected the cylinder was from 1898, I would NEVER shoot it with Smokeless powder, no matter how low the peak pressure.

Regarding the barrel, no 44 Special Bisleys were ever made. So it has to be a replacement barrel of some sort or another. Why it is stamped Bisley Model is beyond me, unless it was originally a Bisley 44-40 barrel and somebody stamped 44 Special onto it. The object of concern here is not the barrel, it is the composition of the steel of the cylinder. Cylinders are what blows up with too much pressure, not barrels. No, brass will not prevent a cylinder from blowing up, the brass is contained by, and is weaker than the surrounding steel. The steel must contain the pressure of the cartridge firing.

Regarding reaming out the chamber throats, yes, I would do that. I have two old 44-40 revolvers, a Merwin Hulbert and a Colt New Service. Both are clearly 44-40. And both had undersized chamber throats. Obviously over the years the narrow chamber throats did not present too much of a problem. But with the Merwin Hulbert, which was made in the 1880s, I did not want to risk raising pressure so I had the chamber throats reamed to .428. I just measured to be sure.

Reaming the cylinder throats will not affect the value of the gun, since it has been refinished anyway, and it is questionable if the barrel is original.

You have slugged the barrel and the diameter you came up with is .427 which is the 19th Century spec for 44-40.

Yes, Buffalo Arms sells 44-40 loaded with Black Powder. Buy some, snap caps are great, but short of having a cartridge gauge, the best way to determine what your cylinder is chambered for is to drop a cartridge in. The price is competitive with many Smokeless loads. Even if it turns out the cylinder is not 44-40, consider it an investment in further looking into the specifications of your revolver.

http://www.buffaloarms.com/44_40_Black_Powder_Ammunition_it-158172.aspx?CAT=4438
 
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Where did you get .469? The diameter for the 44-40 bullet is .427 - .003. ...
Regarding the barrel, no 44 Special Bisleys were ever made. So it has to be a replacement barrel of some sort or another. Why it is stamped Bisley Model is beyond me, unless it was originally a Bisley 44-40 barrel and somebody stamped 44 Special onto it. The object of concern here is not the barrel, it is the composition of the steel of the cylinder. Cylinders are what blows up with too much pressure, not barrels. No, brass will not prevent a cylinder from blowing up, the brass is contained by, and is weaker than the surrounding steel. The steel must contain the pressure of the cartridge firing.

Regarding reaming out the chamber throats, yes, I would do that. I have two old 44-40 revolvers, a Merwin Hulbert and a Colt New Service. Both are clearly 44-40. And both had undersized chamber throats. Obviously over the years the narrow chamber throats did not present too much of a problem. But with the Merwin Hulbert, which was made in the 1880s, I did not want to risk raising pressure had the chamber throats reamed to .428. I just measured to be sure.

Reaming the cylinder throats will not affect the value of the gun, since it has been refinished anyway, and it is questionable if the barrel is original.
Driftwood,

Sorry for the confusion, the .468-.469 is the cartridge side of the cylinder, not the face. I was looking at the difference in cartridge size between the .44 Special and the 44-40. The cartridge side of my cylinder sure seems to be sized for 44-40 rather than .44 special. And while I know there are varying opinions on the matter, I've already decided for this particular gun I'll stick to black powder cartridges. I realize that low pressure cowboy loads may be safe but I would have a hard time not flinching every time I pulled the trigger. And to a degree I want this to be a '4th of July' gun. By that I mean something I shoot at family gatherings out at the farm where it will really be a change of pace from all the poly pistols and black rifles. So black powder seems perfect for that.

I think the barrel must have come from a newer regular Bisley model (non-flatop) that was .44 special as it is obvious the sight has been replaced. The owner of course knew it was a 44-40 revolver and figured he didn't need to remark the barrel. I suppose I could send it off to Turnbull and have the barrel remarked and re-blued which would make things safer for whoever gets this after me, likely my son or one of my nephews.

Now the big question is do I do it myself using a reamer from Brownells or do I find someone to do it for me. There already has a recommendation for a gunsmith here in Texas so I may check with him. If anyone has tried the job themselves I'd like to hear how it went.

Thanks all,


dakotaTex
 
Have the chamber throats reamed by a professional.

Learn to do it yourself on a revolver that is not quite so nice.
That's very sensible advice. Even though I am a very careful and cautious guy when working with my firearms, probably not worth any money I might save. I'm checking with some gunsmiths to figure out what they recommend.


dakotaTex
 
What is .44 S&W caliber? I know about .44 S&W American, .44 S&W Russian, and .44 S&W Special and of course, .44 Magnum. But not just .44 S&W/ Which gun was chambered for that round?
 
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