Joint Agency Ballistics Test for Defensive Handgun Ammo

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Did you see the meat tests above? I feel like we're just going round and round in circles :)

Yes, I saw the tests.

"Meat", while it was at some point living tissue, does not correctly model living tissue. During processing, it has been 1.) drained of blood, 2.) aged over a certain time period to allow enzymatic and bacterial processes to partially degrade the strength of the fibrous tissues making it more tender (which means that its elastic strength has been diminished by some unknown quantity), and, 3.) may have been frozen which will also further degrade the strength of the fibrous tissues making it up. As a result, because of these unknown factors as well as the degradation of the tissue itself, it is neither a valid nor reliable predictor of terminal ballistic performance.
 
Yes, I saw the tests.

"Meat", while it was at some point living tissue, does not correctly model living tissue. During processing, it has been 1.) drained of blood, 2.) aged over a certain time period to allow enzymatic and bacterial processes to partially degrade the strength of the fibrous tissues making it more tender (which means that its elastic strength has been diminished by some unknown quantity), and, 3.) may have been frozen which will also further degrade the strength of the fibrous tissues making it up. As a result, because of these unknown factors as well as the degradation of the tissue itself, it is neither a valid nor reliable predictor of terminal ballistic performance.

But why stick with hollow points over Liberty or Lehigh?

Here are hog shots with them. Rifle rounds but same bullet technology. is that convincing?

 
But why stick with hollow points over Liberty or Lehigh?

For the same reason given earlier. It is in error to assume that the damage produced by a bullet passing through 10% ordnance gelatin correlates to actual damage that would occur in the human body. Soft tissues vary widely in their respective elastic strengths and densities. Damage will vary according to the mechanical properties of each soft tissue. For self-defense, we have numerous JHP designs that provide consistent behavior in human bodies and a new design that may, or may not, do to the human body what it does to gelatin.

Here are hog shots with them. Rifle rounds but same bullet technology. is that convincing?



OK, so now you have a sample size of n = 2 for rifle rounds fired at rifle velocities into a feral hog and an Eastern white-tail deer. How does this limited data correlate with the (still yet-to-be-proven) effectiveness of a LeHigh/Liberty XD fired at much lower velocities (than the rifle rounds) into human bodies (which may be under the influence of drugs, alcohol, psychotic effects, etc.) in face-to-face self-defense encounters?

Is a sample size of n = 2 (rifle rounds fired at rifle velocities into a feral hog and an Eastern white-tail deer) adequate and sufficient enough to draw an informed comparison of the XD vs. various JHPs in human beings given the vast, dare I say nearly infinite, variability of human/mammalian anatomy?
 
2300-2400 fps ARE rifle velocities, but out of a handgun, ergo, you should have the same terminal effects, as neither the bullets nor the targets know what platform launched the projectiles. JohnG is asking a legit question. If the bullets penetrate the requisite depth, and at rifle velocities, shouldn't they be more effective than hollowpoints at handgun velocities?
 
For the same reason given earlier. It is in error to assume that the damage produced by a bullet passing through 10% ordnance gelatin correlates to actual damage that would occur in the human body. Soft tissues vary widely in their respective elastic strengths and densities. Damage will vary according to the mechanical properties of each soft tissue. For self-defense, we have numerous JHP designs that provide consistent behavior in human bodies and a new design that may, or may not, do to the human body what it does to gelatin.



OK, so now you have a sample size of n = 2 for rifle rounds fired at rifle velocities into a feral hog and an Eastern white-tail deer. How does this limited data correlate with the (still yet-to-be-proven) effectiveness of a LeHigh/Liberty XD fired at much lower velocities (than the rifle rounds) into human bodies (which may be under the influence of drugs, alcohol, psychotic effects, etc.) in face-to-face self-defense encounters?

Is a sample size of n = 2 (rifle rounds fired at rifle velocities into a feral hog and an Eastern white-tail deer) adequate and sufficient enough to draw an informed comparison of the XD vs. various JHPs in human beings given the vast, dare I say nearly infinite, variability of human/mammalian anatomy?

What could be done test-wise, scientifically, or forensically to satisfy your skepticism?
 
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I've been a handgun shooter and a student of defensive pistol craft for over 50 years and it never ceases to amaze me how many times people get caught up in the allure of magic bullets.

Dave

Dave,

I am equally amazed by people who dismiss, out of hand, emerging technologies and discoveries for reasons unknown to me. Alfred Wegener, a meteorologist, posited that the Earth's continents drift over long periods of geologic time. His Continental Drift theory (later termed Plate Techtonics) was dismissed by geologists at the time and considered the meteorologist an outsider and were themselves resistant to change (read the phenomenon called "Group Think").

I would imagine that hollow points were, at some point during their adoption, considered by many to be magic bullets as well. And, I'm not saying that Liberty and Lehigh's offerings will some day be the norm like hollow points are now. I'm just curious so I asked the question.
 
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I can't believe this thread still has legs. The whole premise was a badly done, deceptive and amateurish commercial masquerading as a government study of ballistics.

C0untZer0, I agree. The study's methods and clear deception calls into question its motives and results. But, my meat tests did appear to produce similar sized wounding cavities from the Lehigh bullets.
 
What could be done test-wise, scientifically, or forensically to satisfy your skepticism?

Use in handgun hunting would suffice for me. The distance traveled by the animal shot, and number of rounds needed to incapacitate. Then a detailed wound profile examination.

I am equally amazed by people who dismiss, out of hand, emerging technologies and discoveries for reasons unknown to me.
I think that's a stretch. I've read through this thread several times, and there are two themes for us nay sayers I think.

First, it's not that we are saying these bullets are ineffective or dismissing them out of hand, it's that we are saying there is not adequate testing to prove they do anything better than a traditional hollow point or hard cast, depending on what you are trying to achieve. They might. They might not. They appear to penetrate well, but will the flutes actually produce the star tears in living flesh?

Second, while gel provides a repeatable and measurable test media, we should not assume that a bullet will perform the same in a flesh and blood target. I acknowledge your meat tests, and I think they are a step in the right direction, but they still only represent a limited test of blood drained non living muscle. A living body is a more dynamic environment for a bullet as angle of impact and penetration can cause some odd bullet paths. Try looking up bullet wound xrays. Now monolithics seems to track straighter, but again, I still think we should try to keep any test media's predictive powers in mind and scrutinize the results. Meat tests help back it up, but what is needed is for the handgun hunting community to embrace them and use them for actual killing.

I'm going to tag @CraigC and @MaxP and see if they will chime in. I believe, if memory serves, that they did a bit of testing of these types of bullets in the field, and I believe they were not that impressed with the results. Though they tend to shoot big critters, and on a human sized attacker, the results may be different. So their results may not be that relevant based on the animals involved. In fact I think feedback given by Max is part of why Lehigh came out with flat wide nosed bullets.

Lets see if they can offer actual experience anecdotes.
 
Just saw this. Give me a chance to read it before I weigh in.
Max I just thought about this and I didn’t mean to put you in a position to endorse or disparage a particular product. If you’d rather not comment based on your particular role in the shooting world, I totally get it.

There’s so much conjecture in this thread, I was trying to bring in someone with some actual experience.
 
Max I just thought about this and I didn’t mean to put you in a position to endorse or disparage a particular product. If you’d rather not comment based on your particular role in the shooting world, I totally get it.

There’s so much conjecture in this thread, I was trying to bring in someone with some actual experience.

You did none of the above. I love these discussions. I just need a chance to read some more of this.

I think media like gel and wet pack are good for side by side bullet/load comparisons, but for little else. Shooting meat that could better be served as a meal doesn't show more than what the bullet may do when it strikes muscle - in my humble opinion. I have done a lot of testing in the name of terminal ballistics over the years and have found that shooting live animals is by far the most telling. I also believe whitetail approximates man from a size standpoint, thin skin, not particularly heavy boned. The penetrative "requirement" is about the same in my estimation.

For all of the above reasons we developed out annual "Bovine Bash" to test handgun bullets/loads/calibers on live bovine flesh -- yes and extreme, but one has to test extremes in order to find the limitations.

For defensive use (and for hunting animals that don't weigh over a thousand pounds) I prefer expanding bullets to solids. They simply do more damage -- assuming a quality expanding bullet. I have tested (albeit on a limited level) the Phillips head screwdriver bullets from LeHigh and at revolver velocities I wasn't overly impressed. I think they require a lot more speed than is typically available in a handgun of any configuration. The flat-nosed profiles from LeHigh not only went deeper in testing, but also produced a larger wound channel thereby doing more damage. LeHigh had a couple of great flat-nosed solid profiles in their inventory but I convinced them to expand the lineup considerable in a joint effort with Buffalo Bore Ammunition to develop their Dangerous Game line of ammunition. As far as expanding bullets are concerned, I really like the Barnes XPB, but my favorite is the Swift A-frame. It seems impervious to speed and hard contact with bone. These things just work in every application I have seen them used from whitetail to Cape buffalo and a whole lot in between.

I've also used a number of CEB offerings in the past and they are very good. I took them with me to Argentina to hunt water buffalo and they did the deed well. My only criticism (besides price) is that the meplat is on the small side -- a concession to feeding in rifles (the meplat was carried over from the rifle profiles to the handgun bullets). As an aside, someone mentioned Michael McCourry and his testing (he did some testing for me for my last book) and he has done more penetration testing than I believe any ten people in the industry. He designed the CEB nose profile.
 
Use in handgun hunting would suffice for me. The distance traveled by the animal shot, and number of rounds needed to incapacitate. Then a detailed wound profile examination.


I think that's a stretch. I've read through this thread several times, and there are two themes for us nay sayers I think.

First, it's not that we are saying these bullets are ineffective or dismissing them out of hand, it's that we are saying there is not adequate testing to prove they do anything better than a traditional hollow point or hard cast, depending on what you are trying to achieve. They might. They might not. They appear to penetrate well, but will the flutes actually produce the star tears in living flesh?

Second, while gel provides a repeatable and measurable test media, we should not assume that a bullet will perform the same in a flesh and blood target. I acknowledge your meat tests, and I think they are a step in the right direction, but they still only represent a limited test of blood drained non living muscle. A living body is a more dynamic environment for a bullet as angle of impact and penetration can cause some odd bullet paths. Try looking up bullet wound xrays. Now monolithics seems to track straighter, but again, I still think we should try to keep any test media's predictive powers in mind and scrutinize the results. Meat tests help back it up, but what is needed is for the handgun hunting community to embrace them and use them for actual killing.

I'm going to tag @CraigC and @MaxP and see if they will chime in. I believe, if memory serves, that they did a bit of testing of these types of bullets in the field, and I believe they were not that impressed with the results. Though they tend to shoot big critters, and on a human sized attacker, the results may be different. So their results may not be that relevant based on the animals involved. In fact I think feedback given by Max is part of why Lehigh came out with flat wide nosed bullets.

Lets see if they can offer actual experience anecdotes.

460Shooter, I wish I could accommodate on the hunting part, but my hunting access was lost a few years ago. Maybe someone will help us out here. I think a living flesh shot wound from a handgun with these two rounds would be very interesting to see.

I agree that the Lehigh XD rounds don't appear to produce any greater wounding than good hollow points. The Lehigh XD seem to, instead, provide for a more consistent wounding compared to hollow points when first having to pass through certain barriers such as windshield glass, car doors, etc.

The Liberty rounds, on the other hand, do seem to produce greater wounding, albeit within the first five inches of penetration. Whether that's significant I'm don't know, but I suspect it may be. And, the Liberty Civil Defense rounds are, like the traditional hollow points, subject to the same problems as hollow points when it comes to barriers.

I don't mean to con-volute this thread, I just think that the "rifle" speeds of these two 357 Sig rounds (Lehigh 65g XD at 2100 and Liberty CD at 2300) deserve further consideration as to whether they may or may not produce the hydro static shock and/or greater peripheral effects to the nervous system over the slower traditional hollow point rounds. I've read that these effects are only seen starting at the 2000fps mark all the way up to 2500fps mark. If either of these two rounds actually meet this magic number, then I find it hard to not to take notice.

I guess I have two main points here.

1. If I'm forced to be in a gunfight, I'd rather my bullets have at least some of these rifle-like effects to give me even a little extra advantage over simple shot placement.

2. I also believe the Lehigh XD bullet deserves extra props over hollow points for it's wounding consistency through barriers.

I hope I'm making my admittedly often clouded thoughts clear here.
 
You did none of the above. I love these discussions. I just need a chance to read some more of this.

I think media like gel and wet pack are good for side by side bullet/load comparisons, but for little else. Shooting meat that could better be served as a meal doesn't show more than what the bullet may do when it strikes muscle - in my humble opinion. I have done a lot of testing in the name of terminal ballistics over the years and have found that shooting live animals is by far the most telling. I also believe whitetail approximates man from a size standpoint, thin skin, not particularly heavy boned. The penetrative "requirement" is about the same in my estimation.

For all of the above reasons we developed out annual "Bovine Bash" to test handgun bullets/loads/calibers on live bovine flesh -- yes and extreme, but one has to test extremes in order to find the limitations.

For defensive use (and for hunting animals that don't weigh over a thousand pounds) I prefer expanding bullets to solids. They simply do more damage -- assuming a quality expanding bullet. I have tested (albeit on a limited level) the Phillips head screwdriver bullets from LeHigh and at revolver velocities I wasn't overly impressed. I think they require a lot more speed than is typically available in a handgun of any configuration. The flat-nosed profiles from LeHigh not only went deeper in testing, but also produced a larger wound channel thereby doing more damage. LeHigh had a couple of great flat-nosed solid profiles in their inventory but I convinced them to expand the lineup considerable in a joint effort with Buffalo Bore Ammunition to develop their Dangerous Game line of ammunition. As far as expanding bullets are concerned, I really like the Barnes XPB, but my favorite is the Swift A-frame. It seems impervious to speed and hard contact with bone. These things just work in every application I have seen them used from whitetail to Cape buffalo and a whole lot in between.

I've also used a number of CEB offerings in the past and they are very good. I took them with me to Argentina to hunt water buffalo and they did the deed well. My only criticism (besides price) is that the meplat is on the small side -- a concession to feeding in rifles (the meplat was carried over from the rifle profiles to the handgun bullets). As an aside, someone mentioned Michael McCourry and his testing (he did some testing for me for my last book) and he has done more penetration testing than I believe any ten people in the industry. He designed the CEB nose profile.

Excellent information Max, thank you. Three questions if you don't mind.

1. What caliber and speed were the rounds you shot through the revolvers?

2. Given that the Lehigh XD and XP rounds produce nearly identical wounding after passing through barriers that choke most hollow points, do you think the XD/XP rounds have merit if you may find yourself in a situation where you have to shoot through barriers?

3. Concerning the 2300fps (out of 4" barrel) round of the Liberty Civil Defense 357 Sig round (or the 2400fps 10mm Liberty CD round), do you think this is fast enough to produce some of these peripheral effects talked about in ballistics science?

Thanks,
 
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don't mean to con-volute this thread, I just think that the "rifle" speeds of these two 357 Sig rounds (Lehigh 65g XD at 2100 and Liberty CD at 2300) deserve further consideration as to whether they may or may not produce the hydro static shock and/or greater peripheral effects to the nervous system over the slower traditional hollow point rounds.
I totally agree. It does deserve consideration. It's an old concept that's been done before, and it crops up in new ammo every few years, and I think the light and fast over slow and heavy thing has a lot more merit with monolithic bullets as they do a better job of providing the penetration and structural integrity needed that a lot of the past light and super fast bullets lacked.

2. I also believe the Lehigh XD bullet deserves extra props over hollow points for it's wounding consistency through barriers.
I agree on that also. I've seen some very impressive penetration tests involving bullet proof glass that indicates the Lehigh Extreme Penetrators are pretty effective. However the wound cavity question still remains.

You did none of the above. I love these discussions. I just need a chance to read some more of this.

I think media like gel and wet pack are good for side by side bullet/load comparisons, but for little else. Shooting meat that could better be served as a meal doesn't show more than what the bullet may do when it strikes muscle - in my humble opinion. I have done a lot of testing in the name of terminal ballistics over the years and have found that shooting live animals is by far the most telling. I also believe whitetail approximates man from a size standpoint, thin skin, not particularly heavy boned. The penetrative "requirement" is about the same in my estimation.

For all of the above reasons we developed out annual "Bovine Bash" to test handgun bullets/loads/calibers on live bovine flesh -- yes and extreme, but one has to test extremes in order to find the limitations.

For defensive use (and for hunting animals that don't weigh over a thousand pounds) I prefer expanding bullets to solids. They simply do more damage -- assuming a quality expanding bullet. I have tested (albeit on a limited level) the Phillips head screwdriver bullets from LeHigh and at revolver velocities I wasn't overly impressed. I think they require a lot more speed than is typically available in a handgun of any configuration. The flat-nosed profiles from LeHigh not only went deeper in testing, but also produced a larger wound channel thereby doing more damage. LeHigh had a couple of great flat-nosed solid profiles in their inventory but I convinced them to expand the lineup considerable in a joint effort with Buffalo Bore Ammunition to develop their Dangerous Game line of ammunition. As far as expanding bullets are concerned, I really like the Barnes XPB, but my favorite is the Swift A-frame. It seems impervious to speed and hard contact with bone. These things just work in every application I have seen them used from whitetail to Cape buffalo and a whole lot in between.

I've also used a number of CEB offerings in the past and they are very good. I took them with me to Argentina to hunt water buffalo and they did the deed well. My only criticism (besides price) is that the meplat is on the small side -- a concession to feeding in rifles (the meplat was carried over from the rifle profiles to the handgun bullets). As an aside, someone mentioned Michael McCourry and his testing (he did some testing for me for my last book) and he has done more penetration testing than I believe any ten people in the industry. He designed the CEB nose profile.
Thanks for sharing that Max. It helps bring a little clarity and real experience to the discussion. On the note of CEB, my next reloading project is to load a number of different charges behind their 190 flat nose bullets for my 10mm autos. I'm interested to see what I get for velocities at different load levels with a few different powders, and since I'll be shooting them from a 16 carbine in addition to 5" barreled pistol it should be somewhat interesting.
 
I totally agree. It does deserve consideration. It's an old concept that's been done before, and it crops up in new ammo every few years, and I think the light and fast over slow and heavy thing has a lot more merit with monolithic bullets as they do a better job of providing the penetration and structural integrity needed that a lot of the past light and super fast bullets lacked.


I agree on that also. I've seen some very impressive penetration tests involving bullet proof glass that indicates the Lehigh Extreme Penetrators are pretty effective. However the wound cavity question still remains.


Thanks for sharing that Max. It helps bring a little clarity and real experience to the discussion. On the note of CEB, my next reloading project is to load a number of different charges behind their 190 flat nose bullets for my 10mm autos. I'm interested to see what I get for velocities at different load levels with a few different powders, and since I'll be shooting them from a 16 carbine in addition to 5" barreled pistol it should be somewhat interesting.

LeHigh has a flat-nosed copper solid now as well to add to the DG line of ammo that would be worth considering as well. They are less expensive and tend to have more meplat. Looking forward to your test results.
 
Excellent information Max, thank you. Three questions if you don't mind.

1. What caliber and speed were the rounds you shot through the revolvers?

2. Given that the Lehigh XD and XP rounds produce nearly identical wounding after passing through barriers that choke most hollow points, do you think the XD/XP rounds have merit if you may find yourself in a situation where you have to shoot through barriers?

3. Concerning the 2300fps (out of 4" barrel) round of the Liberty Civil Defense 357 Sig round (or the 2400fps 10mm Liberty CD round), do you think this is fast enough to produce some of these peripheral effects talked about in ballistics science?

Thanks,

We shot a freshly killed water buffalo with Underwood's 300 grain Xtreme Penetrator .480 Ruger loads and where other copper bullets (with flat-nosed profiles) were able to make it to the offside shoulder, the Xtreme Penetrator fell significantly short. We didn't chronograph that load but have chronographed other Underwood loads and they typically deliver on the promise and this load is rated at 1,400 fps and we shot it out of a Ruger Super Redhawk with a 7 1/2-inch barrel. We also used the .45/70 Xtreme Penetrator (305 grain bullet at 2,350 advertised) out of a Marlin guide gun on a Watusi. Lastly, we watched a whitetail buck take a perfect hit right behind the shoulder with a .41 Mag Xtreme Penetrator and it made it over the fence of the neighbor's property and disappeared over the horizon (I know this last one isn't very scientific, but it was a killing shot we have on video and the deer was way unimpressed). Had that been an A-frame with that shot placement...

Clearly the copper bullets offer an advantage on hard barriers, if that is the only criteria. Shooting through a barrier is always a possibility, but the purported goal is to inflict maximum damage and those bullets do not.

I've read many articles claiming there are minimal gains between 1,300 to 2,000 fps or thereabouts and I am always wondering where this arbitrary claim has its roots. I can tell you with certainty, that more speed equals more damage in no uncertain terms (I'm over-simplifying) all else being equal. You don't need 2,400 fps to see massive damage.
 
We shot a freshly killed water buffalo with Underwood's 300 grain Xtreme Penetrator .480 Ruger loads and where other copper bullets (with flat-nosed profiles) were able to make it to the offside shoulder, the Xtreme Penetrator fell significantly short. We didn't chronograph that load but have chronographed other Underwood loads and they typically deliver on the promise and this load is rated at 1,400 fps and we shot it out of a Ruger Super Redhawk with a 7 1/2-inch barrel. We also used the .45/70 Xtreme Penetrator (305 grain bullet at 2,350 advertised) out of a Marlin guide gun on a Watusi. Lastly, we watched a whitetail buck take a perfect hit right behind the shoulder with a .41 Mag Xtreme Penetrator and it made it over the fence of the neighbor's property and disappeared over the horizon (I know this last one isn't very scientific, but it was a killing shot we have on video and the deer was way unimpressed). Had that been an A-frame with that shot placement...

Clearly the copper bullets offer an advantage on hard barriers, if that is the only criteria. Shooting through a barrier is always a possibility, but the purported goal is to inflict maximum damage and those bullets do not.

I've read many articles claiming there are minimal gains between 1,300 to 2,000 fps or thereabouts and I am always wondering where this arbitrary claim has its roots. I can tell you with certainty, that more speed equals more damage in no uncertain terms (I'm over-simplifying) all else being equal. You don't need 2,400 fps to see massive damage.
Fantastic information! Exactly the kind of real world results I was curious about. Thank you!
 
For the same reason given earlier. It is in error to assume that the damage produced by a bullet passing through 10% ordnance gelatin correlates to actual damage that would occur in the human body. Soft tissues vary widely in their respective elastic strengths and densities. Damage will vary according to the mechanical properties of each soft tissue. For self-defense, we have numerous JHP designs that provide consistent behavior in human bodies and a new design that may, or may not, do to the human body what it does to gelatin.

OK, so now you have a sample size of n = 2 for rifle rounds fired at rifle velocities into a feral hog and an Eastern white-tail deer. How does this limited data correlate with the (still yet-to-be-proven) effectiveness of a LeHigh/Liberty XD fired at much lower velocities (than the rifle rounds) into human bodies (which may be under the influence of drugs, alcohol, psychotic effects, etc.) in face-to-face self-defense encounters?

Is a sample size of n = 2 (rifle rounds fired at rifle velocities into a feral hog and an Eastern white-tail deer) adequate and sufficient enough to draw an informed comparison of the XD vs. various JHPs in human beings given the vast, dare I say nearly infinite, variability of human/mammalian anatomy?

What could be done test-wise, scientifically, or forensically to satisfy your skepticism?

More science and less baseless prognostication.*

Science is all about two primary concepts; validity and reliability. I am not sure that shooting animals (with anatomy that differs in its size and arrangement from humans), deli meats, and the unresearched/uncorrelated clear synthetic/polymer gel stuff tells us anything meaningful about how these rounds will stop a human assailant who may be under the influence of drugs, alcohol, psychotic effects, etc. So far, there are two test mediums that are actually correlated to terminal performance in human soft tissue. They are: 1.) validated 10% ordnance gelatin and 2.) water.

From a scientific perspective, at least as it pertains to the performance of the XD design in human beings, a large sample—preferably with n ≥ 1,000—of OIS/LE and non-LE shootings with the XD would be a great start. Knowing that such a sample population is likely going to be a very long time in the making, I would welcome a sample population as small as n = 50 to 100 to at least get a sense of the design's ability in the field against actual human beings. I would also like to see additional extensive testing in 10% gelatin with the understanding that 10% gelatin does not necessarily duplicate the damage that would occur just to ensure that the design's terminal behavior and performance is repeatable and reliable across a large number of trials. Until then, I'll be sticking with JHP designs like the HST, Gold Dot, Barnes-TACX, XTP, etc.

*(this is not aimed at you John, but rather at the present state of advertising hype being perpetrated by ethically-challenged ammunition manufacturers seeking to exploit the unknowing consumer for their money)
 
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More science and less baseless prognostication.*

Science is all about two primary concepts; validity and reliability. I am not sure that shooting animals (with anatomy that differs in its size and arrangement from humans), deli meats, and the unresearched/uncorrelated clear synthetic/polymer gel stuff tells us anything meaningful about how these rounds will stop a human assailant who may be under the influence of drugs, alcohol, psychotic effects, etc. So far, there are two test mediums that are actually correlated to terminal performance in human soft tissue. They are: 1.) validated 10% ordnance gelatin and 2.) water.

From a scientific perspective, at least as it pertains to the performance of the XD design in human beings, a large sample—preferably with n ≥ 1,000—of OIS/LE and non-LE shootings with the XD would be a great start. Knowing that such a sample population is likely going to be a very long time in the making, I would welcome a sample population as small as n = 50 to 100 to at least get a sense of the design's ability in the field against actual human beings. I would also like to see additional extensive testing in 10% gelatin with the understanding that 10% gelatin does not necessarily duplicate the damage that would occur just to ensure that the design's terminal behavior and performance is repeatable and reliable across a large number of trials. Until then, I'll be sticking with JHP designs like the HST, Gold Dot, Barnes-TACX, XTP, etc.

*(this is not aimed at you John, but rather at the present state of advertising hype being perpetrated by ethically-challenged ammunition manufacturers seeking to exploit the unknowing consumer for their money)

481, thanks. I see what you are getting at, as there are highly annoying charlatans out there for sure.

I guess we’ll have to wait and see if these kinds of data eventually present. I might do a few more tests in the future if something potentially useful pops into my aging head.

Unless I see negative evidence in the future however, my magazines will have Liberty in instances where there’s possibility of a bad guy wearing a vest and Underwood/Lehigh in situations where there may be a barrier; along with a heavy emphasis on 357 Sig.

Maybe I’ll also change my profile name to TheEarlyAdopter :)

Enjoyable discussion!
 
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