I love classic wood and milled steel hunting rifles, which to me possess far more character than contemporary plastic and stainless steel rifles. In particular, I dearly love my late-1940s Husqvarna Mauser 98 in .270 Winchester:
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Classic hunting iron will get the job done in the field as well as anything currently marketed. North American game is still built to the same specs, and assuming the hunter does his/her part, a deer shot with a 30-30 lever gun is just as dead as from something more high-tech. I will concede that the greater accuracy of modern production rifles is a real edge when it comes to long distance varmint shooting, but the difference there is more about rifle QC than cartridge choice. The .220 Swift is still pretty relevant for such old cartridge, though.
Having said this, there is also something undeniably practical about a lighter, more accurate and more weather-resistant arm carrying a greatly improved optical sight. I don't hunt at present, but if I was headed to the field I would take my Kimber 84M in .308 instead of my beautiful Heym Mauser 98 in 30-06. The Kimber is more than a pound lighter, about 2 MOA more accurate and can be washed off with a garden hose without damage if it falls into the mud.
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Shorter, lighter ammo is not such big a deal to a hunter carrying maybe 20 cartridges max, but many of the newer, shorter cartridges offer hunters the option of shorter and lighter actions and therefore rifles. After all, new rifles do need to be made, and personally I would choose the .308 Winchester over the 30-06 in a newly-purchased hunting arm. Beyond that, these new-fangled cartridges don't really interest me all that much. Granted, most of the stuff I handload is seriously obsolete military fodder ...
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Not everyone buys a hunting rifle to hunt with it -- these days, probably most don't. Shooting holes in paper or dinging steel at long range is good fun, and while I myself prefer old military iron with downloaded ammo for this pastime, I won't object to someone choosing a rifle that shoots a spiffy new high-performance cartridge over one of the classics. Good sport is where you find it.
Bragging rights are a fundamental guy thing, a part of our competitive DNA, and bragging is often about insisting that one thing is better than another when nothing truly vital is at stake. Bragging is a big improvement over more unhealthy forms of disagreement.