Short-term residency in a place like Boston or New York - any case law?

Being mobile (or transient) does not have a long history in firearms laws.
Until someone is brave/tough enough to be 'damaged' by these laws, so that a "class" can be formed, to take the case to the State, the status quo remains.
And, there is plenty of "common knowledge" that no "sensible" firearm owner is likely to bring their shooter to a place that makes it illegal.

There is no such thing as an “easy winner” when it comes to lawsuits over gun laws, even after Heller. And it requires someone willing to pay for the suit....the bill for Heller was over $3.5 million. If you win, you can request payment of fees...but if you loose, you eat the bill. It’s not as easy as someone just walking into court and filing a suit.

If it was really that easy, don’t you think someone would have done it by now?

Restrictive states about RKBA like CA, IL, NY, NJ, CT, HI, and similar have their draconian laws.
My anticipation is if one brought his/her handgun there and were caught, it would be uphill court battle.
A judge would likely indicate gunowner had option to simply not visit the state while armed when invited.

There is no such option in NY. Getting a pistol permit can take a long time depending on county or even be impossible. Appeals to Scotus to take a NY case or others were turned down repeatedly.

I recall, vaguely, some options for attending a sanctioned match in some states but that is very strict and the gun cannot be carried in anything like a SD manner. I would suggest looking that up in the appropriate state statutes.

Here's a forum discussion - which is worth what you paid for it.

https://nyfirearms.com/forums/competitive-shooting/134553-travelling-ny-nyc-competition.html

Years ago I was transferred in the Army to NY. I was not allowed to take my own firearms with me if they were on their "regulated" list. I could get a permit, have them shipped into an FFL (pay transfer fees) and then have them put on my permit (by serial number). So, left the "regulated" stuff out of state even though I did get a permit while there and bought replacements for a few things.

The laws are messed up there, very case by case basis on which judge you get as to what permit you'll be able to get so its very discriminatory in my mind. However, I was not interested in losing my career to make a case out of their situation. Did my time there and got out ASAP so I could have my property again and a bit more of my rights.

Blue Jays said:

Restrictive states about RKBA like CA, IL, NY, NJ, CT, HI, and similar have their draconian laws.
My anticipation is if one brought his/her handgun there and were caught, it would be uphill court battle.

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The gun laws in IL are not quite as draconian as you think. They are pretty restrictive, but there are not a lot of differences between what residents and non-residents can do with firearms. Non-residents from some states can even get an IL carry permit.

A few things need to be clarified: Are you talking strictly about NY City, or New York State. Handgun permits are difficult and time-consuming to get in NYS and practically impossible in NYC. The City also requires permits for long guns, but the State does not. So if you're considering a home defense weapon in New York State, a long gun is the way to go.

roscoe said:

Yet there is no reason to think that SCOTUS only intended. . .

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Formally speaking, SCOTUS doesn't have intent. . . they are to apply the intent, found in the text, of the law, and the Constitution above that.

I wonder what the 'intent' of the founders was. If only they'd written something on the subject. . .

Massachusetts offers non-resident permits, which like Connecticut, bypass the town/city and go straight to the State Police. Removing the local chief from the decision making process generally increases the chance of getting an "All Lawful Purposes" permit. At which point, Boston's feelings on you carrying are irrelevant.