Just get it wiped off. Modern steels and iron are more resistant to corrosion than their older counterparts. Coatings and gun cleaning products also do a better job of protecting metal than they used to. All you really have to do is make sure you get it wiped off.
If you get water in the chamber or barrel, you need to make sure that it gets out. This is especially true with a .17 HMR weapon or any other small- caliber rifle. If water gets into the barrel, surface tension can make a drop of water stay inside the barrel and stretch the entire diameter of the bore. When you fire the rifle with that obstruction, it can cause the barrel to rupture. Just open up your action and shake the gun to equalize the pressure and make the water drip out.