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Papers documenting remote CNS wounding are relevant, because outdated (yet common references in these discussions) works such as HWFE, Bullet Penetration, and IWBA publications assert that temporary cavitation and tissue directly crushed tissue are the sole bullet wounding mechanisms. Remote...

Yes, of course, but this is one paper among many. Seldom does a single paper address all facets of a complex topic. The fact is that remote brain injury (from shots to the chest) was predicted before it was observed based on incapacitation and related data. Other papers provide evidence that...

The experiment has been performed shooting deer in the chest and inspecting the head for vascular damage. See: Cerebrovascular injury caused by a high strain rate insult in the thorax. Amy Courtney, Michael Courtney. Cornell University Library. Medical Physics. 2011. arXiv:1105.4738v1...

In the Textbook of Military Medicine, Ronald Bellamy describes the relationship between energy transfer and wounding: Traditional soft-tissue wound surgery excises the hemorrhagic, shredded, pulped tissue of the zone of extravasation and some of its neighboring zone of concussion. This mass...

Neither this thread, nor the Brain Injury paper predicting remote brain injury in humans shot in the chest has talked much about “incapacitating humans within 5 seconds.” This thread is about the confirmation of this prediction (first published in 2007) of remote brain injury for humans shot in...

Credible criticism of a published theory should at least demonstrate a working understanding of the theory. Does the published theory predict that GSWs to the chest below 1000 psi will not exhibit distant wounding effects, or that distant effects above 1000 psi will be more likely and easier to...

I apologize for any confusion. It was not my intent to offer a different definition from published researchers, but rather to paraphrase published consensus and describe how ballistic pressure waves differ from other pressure transients. A reasonable definition of ballistic pressure wave...

Measuring ballistic pressure waves with high-speed pressure transducers has a long history including the studies at Princeton in the 1940’s by Harvey et al. Dr. Karl Sellier at the Institute of Legal Medicine in Bonn also performed some experiments of this type. In work funded by the Swedish...

What is your basis for excluding “a hydraulic spike produced by ballistic impact” from the ballistic pressure wave, which is defined as every force per unit area produced by a ballistic impact? The rise time and the time scale of the pressure transient reaching the brain does not exclude a...

Handgun loads to the chest do not produce brain hemorrhaging that is visible to the naked eye, so detection depends on the sensitivity level of the histology to mild TBI. Forensic autopsies tend to be focused on the cause of death. How can we know for sure if the 1984 autopsy of a rapist who...

Good to hear from you, Shawn. I hope you’ve been well. Thanks for bringing this up. It would be a fallacy to assert that BPW is 100% effective at the power levels available in handgun loads. That is not the point. No mechanism is 100% reliable at producing incapacitation within the short...

Let’s summarize the facts about the supporting evidence for remote BPW effects in published data: 1) Pressure pulses inducing incapacitation and brain injury in laboratory animals. 2) Ballistic pressure waves originating remotely from the brain causing measurable brain injury in pigs and...

There have been many claims made since the early 1980’s that permanent and temporary cavitation are the “sole wounding mechanisms” along with repeated assertions that findings related to remote neural effects of ballistic pressure waves are a “myth”, “grossly inaccurate”, ”completely...

I've let guns go a couple of weeks with triple seven. It solves the POI issue related to fouling and I've never had a corrosion issue. One needs to be careful one does not leave the gun in a place that's too humid.

Recent ballistic pressure wave studies have been cited favorably a number of times in the peer-reviewed literature. In contrast, Fackler's position has been portrayed unfavorably in a summary of the debate that was published in 2009 as part of a ''Historical Overview of Wound Ballistics Research.''

There have been a few published cases of remote injuries from handgun bullets, including remote neural injuries. One line of thinking on why these reports are not more common is that if remote brain injuries require a hit to the major vessels with an energetic handgun round then most people...

For a hit to the center of the chest, average time until incapacitation decreases rapidly with pressure wave magnitude as magnitudes approach 500 psi. See: Links between traumatic brain injury and ballistic pressure waves originating in the thoracic cavity and extremities. Brain Injury 21(7)...

The most commonly reported caliber in the study is 9mm. Several other studies have shown that pressure wave magnitude is strongly correlated with incapacitation. This study is unique, because it documents the possible mechanism of remote brain injury in humans. The Hydrostatic Shock...

For pressure waves of sufficient magnitude, the ballistic pressure wave theory predicts brain injury from well centered bullet hits to the chest. Critics of the theory pointed out that this prediction had not been confirmed in humans. Recent human autopsy results have demonstrated brain...