Yes, you can kill a deer with a 410 slug, if the range is short.
However, the odds of wounding it are higher than with almost any other centerfire longarm cartridge. Not enough accuracy, not enough penetration.
I don't recommend using a 223 or a 357 magnum pistol for deer either, but I'd pick one of them over a 410 with slugs.
Unless you have some compelling reason that forces you to use a 410, use something else.