I have 3 diff Marlin 1894s chambered in .44 mag. I've not had any feeding problems with 300 gr loads from Federal (Castcore), Hornady or Georgia Arms. IME, the Marlin twist rate is too slow to reliably stabilize 300 gr lead bullets like the Federals, but the jacketed loads do better. I believe that only 1 Garrett load, at most, is short enough to cycle in the Marlin. Re accuracy and reasonably full-power, the 270 gr Speer soft point Gold Dots shoot the best among the heavier bullets. Any of the many 240 gr loads I've tried shoot well. I have a stash of older Fiocchi 240 gr soft points that are about the hottest factory loads of which I am aware. Not sure if they have slowed them a bit these days.
If you want an idea of revolver vs. carbine diffs in velocity, Buff Bore's website has that info.