Question: If you order the option for a chrome-lined barrel, does that include (by default) the chamber, or would the chamber be under the "chrome plated bolt" option? And, what would be the benefits of having a chromed bolt but not barrel, or chromed barrel but not bolt, for someone without the "fun switch" in their lowers?
Chrome resists corrosion and offers a hard, smooth, low-friction surface that can help case extraction (especially when the gun is dirty or when people like me use lots of Wolf ammo), ease cleaning, and extend barrel life (to what extent I have no idea). In full-auto (and to a lesser extent in semi-auto) guns, the lower barrel friction helps reduce heat build up in the barrel. It has nothing to do with heat dissipation, only in reducing the production of heat in the first place. According to gun designer Jim Sullivan, it is friction, not the heat from powder combustion, that is the main contributor to barrel heat. Stainless is rust resistant, but, unless lapped, does not offer the other advantages.
I am not sure I understand your first question. A chamber is part of the barrel and a bolt is a bolt. They are two separate parts. The M16 used to have a chromed bolt, but hasn't since the late 1960s. The chromed bolt was easier to clean, but also suffered from hydrogen embrittlement. Basically, it just wasn't worthwhile to chrome plate it. The current M16, like good semi-auto clones, does have chrome-plated surfaces on the bolt carrier and gas key, which reduce friction, rust and wear and make cleaning easier.
You can buy a chrome plated bolt nowadays, but I don't really think it's worth it. Everybody's got their limits as to what their willing to pay for.