I don’t have them, a die adjust guy too, like this.
JimKirk’s drawings are correct you are not changing the height of the case head, rather putting the shell holder and die in an increasing bind against one another if you started out small, “springing” the frame of the press would result without die adjustment. One should start with the “tall” one and go shorter from there, to prevent damage.
Would make sense to me because often “crank it down to touch” is often too far, for best brass life, the +.010 would be a better starting point. Could do that with a feeler gauge too though and they are cheap.
A shim between the case and bottom of the shell holder would raise the case without closing the distance between the shell holder and die though but with opposite results as noted above.
So how much? Well, I go for “just enough” as it’s reliable and doesn’t over work the brass shrinking it by sizing it too far, just to expand it again upon firing.
How do I do that? I start by the fun part and shoot some rounds through the rifle. Then I remove the firing pin so it’s just the bolt free to fall in the receiver when it passes the portion for the lugs.
Start with the die with no decapping pin and raise the ram with fired case in the shell holder, now thread the die down so it is in contact with the case.
Now take the case and drop it in the chamber and see what it does. The bolt handle will likely be in the “up” position because the case is too long. To solve that you need to lower the die more to make the distance between the shoulder and the head shorter.
You can measure the distance like above, calculate it by the amount it is turned in the 7/8-14 threads or just “sneak up on it” with slight incremental changes.
Once you have the distance between the head and shoulder short enough that the bolt handle falls 1/2-3/4 the way “home” you are very close to the spot that will give you max case life and in my experience accuracy, with that chamber. Looks like this.
If your are loading for different rifles in the same caliber forget all of that. The reason being “tolerance”. SAAMI doesn’t have a head space dimension, rather a tolerance (as is common in all things man made or otherwise imperfect) so you chamber a gun to work with ammunition with in the allowable range. That is “loose” to perfect. If you size your ammunition to the minimum of the allowed specification, now you are really loose as the minimum is the furthest from the maximum. Also known as a tolerance stack.
It’s not a fluke that the shell holders are up to +.010, happens to be the tolerance of head space for a number of rounds. (The circle X noted dimension for the chamber below).
With all that hot air, stick a .010” feeler gauge between the top of your shell holder and die, you just made a +.010”, .002 and a +.002, etc. you can get a set at any auto parts store.