I subscribe to .30-30Winchester. Marlin 336 and Winchester 94 are both great rifles athough some will argue towards one or the other. I carry and shoot a 94 and if you can find a pre-safety example in good shape for a low price, it'll be a good deal. I recommend adding either a Lyman #2 tang sight or Williams Foolproof with target knobs. On my 94, I have capability to use either of those as I choose (the FP I don't keep mounted, but have it if I need more precission like if I'm going to shoot a target match with my main deer rifle). 150gr or 170gr Winchester PowerPoint and Remington CoreLokt are both good ammo. Just ask that buck at near 100yds I shot Thanksgiving evening with a 150gr CoreLokt... oh, wait, you can't; he's in my freezer and he ain't complaining.
Oh, and contrary to what some folks say about .30-30's, they're good to 200yds with the usual ammo, but handloading and spitzers (with some safety considerations) extends that range out to 300yds. Plus, there's that new LeveRevolution ammo Hornady came out with that's a spitzer built to be safe in a tube magazine.
That said, if you look on Gunbroker.com, there's generally some British .303 Enfield's... some have been lightened up to hunt with. Some can be had cheap if you just keep your eyes open. PMP offers a 174gr softpoint hunting load that's manufactured to Mk7 ball spec and the enfield's sights are calibrated to this round's trajectory.
Some people want to say 7.62x39 is like .30-30 numbers-wise, but I'm not sure that's right. 7.62x39 carries a lighter bullet; I'd say energy drops off sooner. I'll have to look it up in the Hornady manual.