M&PVolk said:
In terms of caliber, the .223 gives up a little damage potential to the 30-06....
A LITTLE!?! That's the understatement of the day.
As far as penetration and performance goes, I've read plenty of articles from troops having problems with the .223 round lacking necessary stopping power, needing 4 and 5 rounds to put a target down (above the issue of moving targets was addressed as though the Garand would have problems with this...)
I will try very hard tomorrow to find the source, but I read a reliable source (I may have it in print, I'm not sure), a platoon or company commander from WW2 reporting that one of his men was at the top of a trail and fired a shot down at the head of the line of some Japanese walking single file... and he dropped the first 4 or 5 enemy soldiers. Now, you will NEVER here that kind of thing about a .223
I had this discussion with someone else about the M-14 vs M4, about the weight of the .308 ammo, about being able to carry less of it than .223. My answer was,"Well, if I only have to shoot the guy ONCE as opposed to two, three, or even four times to have stopping effect, then I guess I'll break even, huh?"
The 30-06, even more so. I don't bank on "shot placement", I keep in mind that with moving targets, sometimes it's all you can do to get rounds on target, there won't be any guaranteed head or CNS shot. With that in mind, I trust .30 caliber power over a varmint round.