ETA: I see cpttango30 types better and faster than me, so this was all pretty well said by him/her (and at least in part by the others), but here it is, since I took the time to type it anyways
, and because I happen to agree. Solidarity, brother!
QUESTION #1 When sighting in a Ruger M77 rifle in 30-06 and adjusting the scope, what would be the size of grained bullet you would recommend for consistency?
I'd sight it in using whatever ammo, or at least bullet weight, you intend to shoot most often, as that will give you the most consistancy, for most of the time.
I've not done much of this, and I'm assuming I will sight it in at 100 yds, then 200 yds, and then 300 yds.
Most people start at ~25yds just to get on paper quick and easy, especially with a newly mounted scope. Starting at 100yds or more, you may very well be missing the target entirely, which makes it hard to see where the shot went, and thus get it adjusted onto the paper.
QUESTION #2 Do I need a bench / vise with weights etc to do this right?
Not really, unless you are setting it up with the intention of this being a super accurate benchrest/competition gun, IMHO. If you are getting it set up for hunting or general target shooting, just using a sandbag, bipod, or some type of supported position should be fine, really, but this is really a matter of personal preferance entirely.
QUESTION #3 Do I need a SPOTTING SCOPE?
Donbt NEED one. You should be able to see your holes with the scope on the gun most of the time. If not, no reason you cant just stop and stroll up to the target to see where a hole appeared (may not be practical at a formal range where it may be 20 minutes unti a cease fire though, so again, this will be more of a personal preferance thing really)
QUESTION #4 It comes with a scope with a large fire engine RED "R" on the scope. Is this a RUGER scope?
I beleive the big red "R" is for Redfield, isnt it? Not sure, havent seen a Redfield scope in a while (or at least havent been paying much attention). Or, it could be that Ruger is having some scopes made for them by someone, and putting thier name on them, but I'd guess they'd put the Ruger "Eagle" (or whatever it is) emblem on it as opposed to justan "R", as it would be more recognizeable as "Ruger" that way, which would be the whole point of putting your name/symbol on a product--recognition.