What is Project Appleseed?

Status
Not open for further replies.
appleseed supporters just need to drop the "i can shoot to 300 yards!" attitude. a scaled down target at 25 yards is not the same as an actual target at 300.

congratulations, you now have basic instruction. thats a good thing. now practice it
 
Appleseed are good folks. We have a couple of events scheduled with them in the next few weeks at our range in Santa Barbara. They've been with us before and held a well attended and professionally run event.
 
I have seen many High Power shooters show up and not be able to put all of their shots into the 1" squares at 25M right off of the bat.

maybe if their rifles are zeroed at 200 or something. or maybe because their sights are set for a larger aiming black and they need to adjust them to a 1" aiming black.

We have had High Master rated High Power shooters not be able to accomplish that.
Even if we were to assume that you are capable of firing a perfect score at every High Power match you attend, that skill is absolutely useless if you are not passing your knowledge on to others.

you guys seem a little derisive towards HP shooters as well.

i'd just as soon see both sides stop hackin on each other
 
In response to Interceptor Knight and Nickel - I was in know way critical of Appleseed and welcome its mission and goal. I was simply stating that Appleseed is not the only way to learn to shoot and some of us have had prior instruction.

I actually do teach shooting, so I don't know why you assume that I don't. Is it just because I don't participate in Appleseed. I'm also part of a 4H youth shooting program.

I did in fact bother to read the thread, but I also botherd to read several other threads, and I have to tell you. The message I get is a strong militant angry defensive message like the one you just gave. It's a little scary to me. I don't think I want an angry person teaching me anything. And I also get the sense that just because I haven't been to Appleseed, I dont' understand the basic concepts of shooting. Actually I do. As far as a lot of missinformation, maybe, but I thought this thread was clear as to the intentions of Appleseed. Do I really need to attend one to understand what its about. I can't just read the Appleseed website? Or just talk to people like you?

Again, Appleseed sounds great, but please don't assume that because I haven't attended, that I can't shoot, don't support shooting, or the 2nd, or that I'm not capable of understanding. Like I stated, I'm sure it's fun for all skill levels and I'll try to get to one this year, but I'm not going out of my way.

By the way. I was at the range this past weekend practing at a target that has 10 1 inch circles and I measured 25 yards (close enough). I went through 3 targets (it was cold so I left early) and hit each with every shot. I don't know why you claim I'd have to be a grand master to do this. With the knowledge that Appleseed teaches, and a lot of practice, this seams very feasible. Especially with a match grade gun and ammo, of which I have both. I don't think I can readily do this at 1000 yards though.

For the record, not everyone who supports Appleseed sounds angry, but a lot of you do. (Get ready for some angry responses)
 
Lovesbeer99,

I assure you that if you have the fundamentals down, you can and will hit a target at 1000 yards. What you stated you can do in post #29 WILL directly translate into long range hits so long as you account for wind and mirage.

I use match grade ammo in my cheapo Savage rifle and have NO trouble scoring hits at 1000 yards.

Appleseed is just one way to learn to shoot. I've never seen any Appleseed staff member claim otherwise. In fact, at the Korean War Sniper Shoot years ago, they told me they pulled out the old US Army rifleman and sniper courses from WWII/Korea for their program.
 
crebralfix I'm with you. the first time I shot at 300 i was nervous, but sure enough I was on target. Same skills, same focus, same everything other than learning how to read the wind in a multiple valley range.

Good times though and a good confidence builder. I just don't have access to a 1000 yrd range. If I did I'm confident I can get scores, but not on every shot at that distance without some practice. With practice, I'm sure I'd do very well.
 
Wow.

Same old faces, same old arguments.



There is nothing but basics taught. Basics are the foundation to all other skill sets. Appleseed is a great place to learn the basics. I know of no other TEACHING program that does so well with so little.

We TEACH. It is not a competition. The round counts average 500 at most Appleseeds. So LEARNING can be accomplished. Last time I had HP shooters on my line, I asked them afterwards if they learned anything they can use in HP. They answered yes. I said "Don't worry about my feelings, you don't have to lie," and they still thought that yes, Appleseed taught them some stuff, and both thought that their learning would push them to the next level.

As for 25m basics working to 500+, absolutely. I think actual distance is easier for many of my students than the 25m portion. Basics are basics, no matter the range. Just figure comeups and wind, and there is 500 waiting to happen.

Appleseed is for men women and children. All can bennifit from learning the basics. I wish I had never shot prior to Appleseed, because I wish I had learned right the first time. I had a load of bad habits to break myself of before I broke through to achieve Rifleman. But nothing like it was availible to me growing up, so I had to wait.

With the skills I learned at Appleseed, applied correctly, I make hits at ranges I would have thought unachieveable without a bench and a sandbag. I am not anything special, just another Rifleman.

No UN/black helicopters/UFOs/etc talk from the Appleseed program. Just basics and Historical perspective.

BTW, Fred's M14 Stocks is not Appleseed. Fred's collumn is not Appelseed. The Appleseed is a seperate entity. So bones to pick with Fred are for Fred, not Appleseed. Fred's collumn is paid for by Fred, not Appleseed, out of his own pocket. Fred butters no bread with Appleseed. Heck, he looses money with it. Appleseed is not about money, thus the lower than sea level cost. Many shoots I do the entry fees paid fail to cover my gas bill. The few that do do not make up for the diference. Mad at Fred? Get revenge. Go to a shoot, pay your 70 bucks, and bring 5 kids and 3 women. Technicaly, you have now screwed Appleseed out of 640 bucks. Smile, if it makes you feel better, then sit back, pop off a few rounds and maybe, just maybe, have a good time. Heck, be a shame to learn something, but you never know.....

See you on the line.

Guy
 
Lovesbeer(I like the name and the product) as mentioned above Appleseed certainly is not the only way to learn to shoot...It is a way to learn, though..

Lemme tell ya about my appleseed experience...........

I grew up shootin'...lots of us did.....In my early teens I was given an old sporterised mil-surp and a press, dies and molds and taught shootin' and reloading and encouraged to shoot and reload...It was fairly common waaayy back then.....I inherited some old family heirlooms and was told about my ancestors and how they used firearms in the military, law enforcement and in pioneering their way westward.....

For reasons of my own, I did not shoot at all for over 20 years...Oh well, it's not like I went all Anti or anything....I just didn't shoot or keep guns around.

Like a lotta dads I have a good relationship with my son...It's just that, for some reason, there are some things that I just have a hard time teachin' him. When he became interested in shootin' I realized that shootin' was gonna be one of those things....Oh, I taught him firearm safety and how to align the sights...I told him to squeeze the trigger, not yank it..things like that..But I can't say that I ever really taught him how to shoot....I still can't.

About a year ago I read about the Appleseed Project here on the High Road...
I looked into it and it seemed like a good fit for us...It was affordable..geared toward new shooters, affordable, allowed us to shoot most of the course with .22s and allowed us to use our old mil-surp stuff too. Did I mention that it was affordable? It even stated in the event flyer that those of us that did well at the short course would be given an opportunity to shoot at full distance... I planned on takin' my son, shootin' one of those AQTs (Army Qualification Tests), gettin' my patch and then go shoot some distance with the big boys...Well, ya know what they say about the best laid plans of mice and men don'tcha?

What I did was learn that over the years I had picked up some habits that weren't conducive to consistent good shootin'..And I learned how to correct them..I didn't shoot well enough to go to the full distance range and that kinda frosted my beer glass if ya know what I mean...

So I asked when the next Appleseed was gonna held around here and if any were gonna be held any closer to my home town....Since I was never in the Military I didn't know about the pitfalls of opening my mouth and askin' questions like that...Next thing ya know I was volunteered (I kinda thought that you have to volunteer yourself, that's what I get for thinkin') to find a place to shoot as close to my house as I could. Well that seemed easy enough so I agreed.

I met another Appleseeder through their forum (www.appleseedinfo.org/smf)and he lives just 40 miles from me (we traveled over five hours to get to the first shoot) and I helped him build a range at his place. I practiced what I had learned and practiced and practiced (dry fire, dry fire, dry fire) while helpin' build the range and settin' up a shoot here...It wasn't all that hard... And I earned my patch. So did my son..and we were asked to become Appleseed instructors....so we did....

Together we have instructed in five different western states...We have met all kinds of folks, attendees and instructors..and they are some of the best folks that I've ever met.....We've even bunked with Fred out on the Appleseed trail..I haven't read anything that he's written in the Shotgun news,(except the one issue where he reprinted my experience meeting Massad Ayoob out on the Appleseed trail) but I know that he is nothin' like what some folks here are sayin' about him....But I do see where what he considers to be humor might be misconstrued......

All in all my experience has been great... I look forward to the upcoming Appleseed season and all of the good folks that I will meet and the friends that I will see again...


Wheeler44

Oh and by the way....Until Appleseed I have never attempted a shot over a couple or few hundred yards...Using what I learned at Appleseed and a little coaching from a fellow instructor I was able to "ring the gong" with regularity at 1000 yards at the Appleseed range in Three Forks MT... Now that's fun stuff...
 
I've never been to an Appleseed.

I don't know Fred.

I see a lot of criticism thrown at him for some odd reason.

I'd likely find NO value personally from attending an Appleseed. My "marksmanship" training began at age 7-- 30 years ago. But I come from a different world than MANY shooters today that have no family tradition of firearms ownership.

Even so, I may take my nephew to an Appleseed in a couple years just so he can have the experience.

I'll make this simple for the slow kids:

Don't agree with his "wild" ideas? Don't listen.

Don't think the Appleseed is worth anything? Don't go.

Think he is a nut? File him away with the other "nuts."


And then ask yourself EXACTLY what YOU have done to promote shooting sports in the USA.

Have YOU reached that many people? Have YOU had that kind of impact?

I didn't think so.


Let Fred do his thing, and do yours. When are doing something routinely on that level, you have a basis to criticize. Until then....



-- John
 
FRED's was doing their thing real well until they/he got distracted by and involved with Appleseed.
 
Last edited:
Wheeler44 - thanks for the story. I'm glad it worked out for you. My story isn't exactly the same, but bascially I decided to shoot again and started reading books and videos and got some personal instruction. I knew I was missing something so I looked to learn everything I could. I love the fact that Appleseed is affordable cuase even books are expensive. It's all good though. Most of my shooting has been with a sniper rig out to 300 yards. With match ammo I can consistantly shoot 1.5 in 5 shot groups at that range. But I do love shooting with iron sights and have moved in that direction over the past year. And I love my .22's. This year I plan to shoot mostly with irons.

My brother in law shot some years ago with his father, but after his father left, he stopped shooting. A few months ago I bought him a Mosin and now he's all into shooting again. I've actually convinced him to attend an Appleseed in NH (He lives in RI) this spring. If I can make it up there (I live in NJ) I'll go with him. I think this is exactly what he needs and he's very excited.

I think it's great that you take the time to teach people how to shoot. I myself didn't know about Appleseed till recently, but I did start a 4H youth shooting club in my county. I'm thinking that for one of their projects they could host an Appleseed in NJ. I'll have to look into it and see if 4H would allow it.

Good luck and shoot safe. I do.

Lovesbeer99
 
So I need to apologize and then ask some follow up question. This is an honest mistake (if not I would not post an apology), but for some reason the numbers didn't click in my head untill I just checked some of my targets from this past weekend. So I did not shoot at 25 yards, I shot at 50 feet at an official NRA A-17 target. That's the correct distance for that target. When I look at my NRA 75foot small bore rifle target, the circles are much bigger. NRA targets are typically 2 moa 10 rings. So when I shoot at 100 yards with an official target the 10 ring is 2 inches. When I shoot at 100 yards with a 200 yard reduced target the black is the same size as the 100, but the rings are smaller and the 10 ring is 1 inch. So I apologize for the error, I had no bad intentions. For the record, I'm pretty sure I can stay in the black at 25 meters, since after all, if you can shoot at 25 meters, you can shoot at 1000 yards. I'll test my skills this weekend.

So here is my question. What is the target that Appleseed uses? Are they official NRA, or do they just stay with 1" cirlces. Couldn't that be discouraging to a new shooter? Also, according to the Appleseed wedsight, the goal is to make everyone a rifleman which is loosely defined as being able to make a shot at 500 yards at a man sized target. Does that translate to 1 inch at 25 meters? What gives?
 
When I'm at gunshows trying to get people to come to Appleseed, I run into a lot fo guys telling me I'm already a great shot, don't need it. Don't know if they are a decent shot or not, won't make any claims that Appleseed would improve their shooting either.

What I will say is the same thing I tell everyone that says he's a good shot.

"That's fantastic! Come on out to the range, show me how good you are and if you meet the standard, I'll put you to work teaching other people that aren't so good ,YET."

Beside some good history lessons, what Appleseed is about is common people, teaching common people, to shoot uncommonly well. Grab your rifle, a pile of ammo and come on down. Learn or relearn the basics, get some top notch instruction and coaching, then turn the skills around.

You see instead of yakking on the web, and watching grownups play kids games on the tube, Appleseed people are doing something.

They generally do not believe that you can buy success.
They think that if you work at something (like rifle marksmanship) you can gain a skill that is worth more than getting in a hardware race.
They believe that if you know something about where you came from, you might want to change where you are going.
They believe that people should become part of the nations heritage, not watch it on the tube or pray that a negligent school system will tell their kids about it.
They believe that good citizens are not about talking a good rifle, they know how to use most any rifle.
They believe that good citizens don't have to be pried off the sofa because they are already on the range passing their skill on to a new generation and refreshing the memories of the last one.

They Believe

In America

Do You?


Now I'll say something that Fred hasn't in a while.
Are you a cook or a Rifleman?

Prove it
Pay it forward.

Sam
 
ignoring the fact that meters != yrds,
1"@ 25m is ~= 4 MOA,
4 MOA @ 500 yrds ~= 20"
both IPSC and IDPA targets are 18.25" wide

iirc 19" is a popular width on mil targets but i might be confusing that with telco racks

(important safety tip: don't bother searching google for 'average chest size' and 'average MAN'S chest size' isn't one bit better)

so yeah, if you can HOLD well enough to hit 1" at 25m then you stand a good chance of hitting a "man-sized" target at 500y IF you also:

3) know your dope at that range
2) can adjust to the wind, etc
1) see your target


edit: i would like to see the target. do they have something you can download or print out?
 
The Rifleman's standard is 4MOA. 4MOA as you know is 1" at 25M, 4" at 100M, etc out to 16" at 400M.
The ideal Appleseed includes a KD course of fire out to 400M actual distance for those who can demonstrate proficiency at 25M on the reduced size targets. It makes sense to work out the "bugs" at 25M through repeated drills.
We do not use 1" circles, but 1" use squares as a learning tool. The actual shape used during the AQT is USMC/Army style targets. Which simulate a man from the chest up.
.
. AQT Target Picture
.
.
1" Squares picture
 
cool. so does it matter what we shoot them with? irons/optic? standing/kneeling/prone? sling/freehand?
 
well, I dont mind the battle of Concord and Lexington (FreuderLocks is a Historian and speaks about himself in third person) ,and i wouldn't mind some professional training, this is probably something i should have bought myself for my birthday. I guess its never too late for a birthday present.
-FL
 
So I did not shoot at 25 yards, I shot at 50 feet at an official NRA A-17 target. That's the correct distance for that target. When I look at my NRA 75foot small bore rifle target, the circles are much bigger. NRA targets are typically 2 moa 10 rings. So when I shoot at 100 yards with an official target the 10 ring is 2 inches. So here is my question. What is the target that Appleseed uses? Are they official NRA, or do they just stay with 1" cirlces. Couldn't that be discouraging to a new shooter? Also, according to the Appleseed wedsight, the goal is to make everyone a rifleman which is loosely defined as being able to make a shot at 500 yards at a man sized target. Does that translate to 1 inch at 25 meters? What gives?



The actual "Quick and Dirty" AQT (reduced size for 25M) is techically less demanding than 4MOA for a perfect score if you take into account the size of the reduced targets. The point of the Rifleman's standard is that if you can place all of your shots in a 4MOA square, you can certainly shoot Rifleman. A 16" Circle (4MOA) at 400M will give you a high probability of hitting a man in the chest at that range. Even a 20" at 500M will get you there. These may not be the legendary 1 shot 1 kill .5MOA precision sniper shots like you see in the movies, but you have a high probability of scoring hits. Points can be scored even if you can only shoot 8MOA. This allows new shooters to score points and see their progress as they advance towards that sometimes elusive Rifleman's score.
If you can shoot all 10s on NRA High Power targets, you should certainly be able to easily score Rifleman on AQT targets. Appleseed AQT shooting is more demanding than High Power in the fact that you have relatively little time to make position changes as you are shooting at multiple targets along with your mandatory mag changes. If you can shoot .5MOA but your NPOA places you in the 3 ring or in a no score zone, you can loose alot of points quickly, especially in the prone position where points are doubled because of only shooting 10 rounds instead of 20.
Appleseed does not claim to have invented anything. Appleseed does not claim to be the only game in town. We do not hide the fact that we are using time proven techniques which the Army and USMC have been using forever. We do not look down on High Power shooters. This would be silly. We do not look down on other schools of training. I am critical of the percieved attitude of some shooters who are only concerend about their own scores and not about teaching others. They are free to be this way, but it is 180 degrees contrary to the Appleseed mission.
I am proud of what Appleseed has and is accomplishing. The growth is incredible. The number of new shooters being reached is phenomenal. Please do not confuse pride and being quick to defend criticism by those who have never attended an Appleseed with aggressiveness against other programs.
 
cool. so does it matter what we shoot them with? irons/optic? standing/kneeling/prone? sling/freehand?
Iron sights are encouraged but not required. Slings are encouraged but not required in all positions including Off Hand. We shoot Off Hand, Sitting and Prone.
 
Funny you should ask...

And then ask yourself EXACTLY what YOU have done to promote shooting sports in the USA.

Have YOU reached that many people? Have YOU had that kind of impact?

I didn't think so.

Lifetime NRA member.

Friends Of The NRA organizer.

NRA-certified range safety officer, for three separate ranges over the last 15 years. Most of those years purely voluntary, not even gas money.

DCM/CMP M1 Garand qualification shoot director and coach.

Hunter safety instructor.

NRA High Power Competitor/Instructor.

(I've probably been squadded with Fred at Camp Perry and didn't even know it...)

IPSC competitor/match director.

IHMSA competitor/promoter.

F-Class competitor.

Did I mention most of the above was during an active-duty military career?

Since retiring:

BPCR Silhouette competitor - at Lodi, WI.

Matthew Quigley Shoot competitor - Forsyth, MT.

I'm working right now on putting together a handloading clinic or three at our local shooting club in Columbus, WI. I've already had a couple sessions in my garage to teach new handloaders. It's picked up enough that I needed to move the venue elsewhere...

I am also volunteering a lot of time getting the new 600-yard range installed, and of course the usual upkeep of the current 200 yard range. We just got done rebuilding the bullet traps and mining the lead out of same. Not glamorous, but necessary to keep folks shooting.

I honestly don't see much of my living room sofa. I guess I'm too busy saving America in a non-Appleseed manner. That's why it chafes me when I see the obligatory and smarmy "get off your couch/what have you done?" remark. Appleseed ain't the only game in town, nor is it the oldest, nor is it the one true sword.

This is without doubt one of the most prominent gun forums on the web. I would hazard a guess that there are some movers and shakers present who do a lot for shooting/2A/American heritage issues, and don't particularly need to be browbeaten or berated with such verbage. Many would probably put my efforts to shame, quite truthfully. There's a good chance they weren't asleep in high school history, either, and could rattle off Revolutionary War minutia ad nauseam, as well as other defining moments of pure Americana.

I do indeed laud the tenacity and vigor with which Fred, Interceptor_Knight, MeanStreaker, Funfaler, and other folks I recognize from appleseedinfo.org push the program. If you search by Funfaler's username here, you'll find the majority of his postings are about Appleseed. The same goes for MeanStreaker. That's some hardcore dedication for you, one must admit.

Now Appleseed has even managed to spill out of its normal location in The Rallying Point subforum, where gatherings are supposed to be announced/discussed, and since overflowed straight into Rifle Country. Who knows what next week will bring? (Hint - there's an Activism subforum ripe for the taking. Don't worry, the mods aren't looking...)

Interceptor_Knight, I appreciate the invite to Lodi and the Winnequah Gun Club. Every time I go to that range, I'm usually making big clouds of white smoke and hitting steel buffalo silhouettes way out there, so I'm well aware of the facility. I may take a drive over there when Appleseed is in town, just to see why I'm spinning my wheels in my other endeavors. Even though I find no value in the program, I've got two 20-something stepsons who haven't been in my shoes, and could probably make use of the training. In the meantime, I've got to finish this PowerPoint presentation for my handloading clinic. I'm saving America, one handloaded round at a time, you might say... :D
 
Last edited:
I am proud of what Appleseed has and is accomplishing. The growth is incredible. The number of new shooters being reached is phenomenal. Please do not confuse pride and being quick to defend criticism by those who have never attended an Appleseed with aggressiveness against other programs.

Thanks for the response. This sounds a lot less angry and I'm with you. I didn't know about appleseed and I wanted to get the word out and to teach so I found a local 4H that didn't have a shooting club and now I started one. I hope it takes off. And for the record, great job, cause we need a lot more shooters.

Now back to the targets. Using official NRA targets at 50 yards for small bore and 100 yards for center fire, I'm fairly consistant (we all have bad days) at 1 moa from prone. I shoot off hand often, but never really measured my groups. As long as I'm in the black I'm good. Also, I shoot a lot of 300 yard, but it's all with a scoped sniper rig off of a bi-pod so I know it takes skills, I'm not sure I can compare.

So, to be a rifleman, I need to shoot 4moa from prone? What about offhand or sitting? I hate kneeling. I'd rather just shoot offhand if I can't sit.
 
So, to be a rifleman, I need to shoot 4moa from prone? What about offhand or sitting? I hate kneeling. I'd rather just shoot offhand if I can't sit.
We do not shoot kneeling unless you prefer that over sitting. We shoot Prone, sitting and off hand. Off hand is considerably more generous than 4MOA at 25M. The targets which will make or break you are the 4th stage prone as these are double points and the general shape of the 5 ring is 3MOA x 4MOA. with smaller areas at the top.
 
Appleseed AQT shooting is more demanding than High Power in the fact that you have relatively little time to make position changes as you are shooting at multiple targets along with your mandatory mag changes.

did you mean that the other way around? you realize the national match course makes you go from standing to sitting and standing to prone and shoot 10 rounds in 60 seconds with a mag change?

are you saying appleseed's course is more challenging than that?

what is their course? i couldn't find it on their website
i did find this post in the archives:
AQT course of fire:
All targets from 25 m range -- 100, 200, 300, 400 m simulated targets as you work your way down
100: standing -- 10 rounds
200: sitting -- 2 round/3 round with a mag change on target 1, 5 rounds on target 2
300: prone -- rapid fire 2 rounds, mag change, 1 round on target 1, 3 rounds on target 2, 4 rounds on target 3
400: slow fire prone -- 2 rounds on target 1, mag change, 2 rounds on target 2, 3 rounds on target 3, 3 rounds on target 4

is that it? so you use a larger square when shooting standing?
 
I've been to 3 appleseeds and loved all of them. They are excellent for learning and practicing the vital basics of rifle marksmanship. I think there is a lot of merit to the program from both a social as well as practical standpoint.

The close range target thing... really, if you can do it on the reduced distance targets you should be able to do it on further targets. Calling the wind is something that comes with experience.

I shoot competively on the national level. I shoot on my state national guard rifle and pistol combat team. I teach army soldiers marksmanship... have taught thousands how to shoot. I attend professional training every year. I've been on three combat tours. With this background, I'll say that Appleseed provides a level of one on one training which is outstanding.
 
I agree with some previous posters that there shouldn't be any animosity between any gun owners/competitors. High Power and others were specifically mentioned. You won't find any such animosity or comparison at an Appleseed shoot. We're all in this thing together!

taliv said:
what is their course? i couldn't find it on their website

There are many different targets that are used and many different drills throughout the course of the weekend.

However, I assume you're asking about the Army Qualification Test (AQT).

There are four stages to the 25m AQT that Appleseed uses.

Stage 1: One 100 yd simulated target. Fire 10 rounds in 2 minutes.

Stage 2: Two 200 yd simulated targets. You begin with two mags (2 rounds and 8 rounds). Begin standing and drop to a sitting position to fire 5 rounds in each target (with the mag change). 50 seconds.

Stage 3: Three 300 yd simulated targets. You begin with two mags (2 rounds and 8 rounds). Begin standing and drop to a prone position and fire 3 shots, 3 shots, 4 shots (left to right) with the mag change. 60 seconds.

Stage 4: Four 400 yd simulated targets. Slow fire prone for 10 shots, no mag change. Begin in prone and fire 2 shots, 2 shots, 3 shots, 3 shots (left to right) in 5 minutes.
 
Status
Not open for further replies.
Back
Top