From what I've read ANFO is a "low" high explosive. And large amounts of it tend to not all blow up. Besides did anyone here where they supposedly mixed all this stuff up? In the back of a moving van in a park? Damm the fumes alone would have killed them.
Erm. Kinda, yes. Kinda, no. All ANFO is not equal. ANFO has a book value of 2500 M/S Min. This is gonna take a bit to explain. Bare with me, please.
A book definition of the stats on ANFO is based off 94.3% prous prilled ammonium nitrate, 5.7% fuel oil. (By weight, not volume) Properly and evenly mixed, with no impurities. ANFO has a book weight of circa 840 kilos per meter cubed. (Yea, it's heavy.)
Now, let's get out of the lab and in the real world.
AN is not water resistant, and that very much negatively effects the explosive properties as well. It soaks moisture out of the air.
There is a BIG difference between explosive (blasting-grade) AN prills and fertilizer prills. Fertilizer prills are about 1/5th air. This shaping is very important when calculating explosive energy released. In simpliest terms, these air pockets screw with the blast wave making it uneven. Makes shaping the explosive very very difficult.
In very large amounts, it's not easy to set off ANFO evenly. Tis why AN comes in 25 or 50 kilo plastic sacks. AN prills generally are 1300 kilos per meter cubed, to give you a visual reference. You can blow up large amounts of ANFO easy enough. Setting it off evenly in a controlled manner is a headache. Even explosion of the explosive material is critical for shaped charges. Hence why the military uses RDX for almost all forms of explosives.
In order to make a shaped change out of ANFO, you'd get to make many packets of small amounts of ANFO and set them off in perfect sequence and timing. Doing this without access to professional demo accessories would not be easy. Possible, but requiring a lot of skill, knowledge and experience. You can set off ANFO with ditching TNT, but it won't be timely enough for a shaped charge effect resulting in an uneven blast.
Gung-Ho, AN/FO is easy to mix, easy to make. It DOES detonate better in larger amounts (over, say, 400 grams) than in smaller amounts. This is all in the research I've done.
Yes, ANFO is easy to mix and easy to make. But to make it effective and get the most boom, it's not so easy. You can take 19/20th's AN fertilizer prills and 1/20th diesel, pour in a barrel, stir, and set off with ditching dynomite. It will not be effective, and it will the majority of the energy will go straight up or get wasted in hot spots due to inconsistency in the mix.
If you pardon the poor analogy, you're comparing a Pinto (redneck stump removing ANFO) and a Porsche (mining ANFO). Yes, a Pinto and a Porsche both have four wheels, an internal combustion engine, etc. But there is still a vast difference in performance even if the basic components are conceptionally similiar.
He didnt just use ANFO, he put it inside a container that he put under about 5 atmospheres of pressure. Under these conditions, ANFO goes from being a low explosive to being a high explosive. It was a more sophisticated device than the MSM tells you and certainly powerful enough to do what it did.
Even with additives, turning large amounts of ANFO into a shaped charge ain't easy. Pressurizing ANFO with pure oxygen is a sure way to get water contamination in the mix unless added immediately prior to going boom.
You're telling me an untrained grunt managed to properly mix ANFO (with less than optimal components, mind you) into small containers, with some jury rigged pressurization system and an incredibly accuracy detonation scheme that surpasses the ability of professional demo equipment?
Again, without tamping or shaping, the blast would have gone in every direction, with the majority of the energy going straight up.
Now, I'm not knowledgeabl in explosives...but to me the blast pattern means that the ANFO was placed in the truck in such a way to make a shaped charge. If so, this leads to another question: did either McVeigh or his convicted accomplice have the knowledge to make such a device? I assume that such knowledge would be fairly advanced. This assumption, if correct, leads to another possible question: If McVeigh wasn't capable of making the device...who was?
It is possible to make such an explosive. Heck, I could do it. If I had a staff of a bunch of explosive experts, bunch of physics geeks and access to a Cray supercomputer to crunch the numbers. Oh yea, don't forget access to master electricians to make me the detonating equipment that's capable of timed sequences accurate to a couple microseconds.
This might sound odd, but the explosives are not as important as the detonating material and methods. Kinda like an implosion detonated nuke. Having a lump of uranium won't do you much good. You need a lot of very advanced electrical components to properly sequence the explosion in order for that lump of uranium to do its thing.
An uneven explosion in a very large ANFO explosive would cause the bomb to start destroying itself before the complete explosion has taken place. Basically, it'd rip itself apart, sending blast waves in different directions. It'd still do damage, but far far less than the optimal efficiency.
From the pictures that I've seen of the location of the truck and comparing the damage of the federal building with buildings across the street which are apparently at least as close as the federal building...I would like for that to be explained.
If I was shown the photos and not the official news reports or press releases, I'd say it was RDX based explosion. I decline to comment on my thoughts on the placement of the explosives.
Well, I think more along the lines of: AN/FO wasn't the only thing used, if at all. Shaped charges are very basic knowledge for anyone even interested in explosives - he knew how to make them. He knew how to make more powerful explosives, too - he needed a primary to set off the AN/FO, and a booster charge to make it fully det. I honestly think that there was more than one charge, with the AN/FO in the truck simply being the "distraction", if you will.
So, basically, your assumption was/is incorrect. Shaped charges are simple.
According to all official releases, ANFO was the only explosive used. Unless a booster product was used, such as SuperAN or MAGNAFRAC, I'm having a hard time imaging why you'd mix other explosives into ANFO. Other than detonating material, of course, which is hardly mixed into ANFO. I think I am misunderstaning your first paragraph, could you please clarify it?
Shaped charges are simple in concept. Much harder when you get into very large explosions. Making a properly-timed shaped charge with ANFO is NOT easy. Especially when you lack access to professional demo equipment.
I do not know who bombed OKC and I am only commenting on the supposed use of ANFO in a truck bomb. I don't know all the details of the case, but I know the ANFO details given publically are BS. I think I proved my point. I'd like to see someone poke holes in anything I've written about the explosives. I might have screwed up, and I might be missing something. Instead of tossing around tin foil, do some research and try to prove me wrong. I'd gladly appreciate being proved wrong and welcome anyone to try.