Remington first purchased manufacturing rights to John Browning’s 1913 patent on bottom-ejecting pump shotguns, then manufactured it as the Remington Models 17 (20 ga., 1921-33) and 29 (12 ga., 1930-33). This was J.M. Browning’s last pump design. The Model 17 was available in 20 ga. only and weighed 5¼#. Browning’s patent expired in 1932 and Remington discontinued Models 17 & 29 in 1933 in favor of the side-loading Model 31. The Model 31 was known as “the ball bearing repeater” for its smooth action.
The Ithaca Gun Company introduced a slightly revised version of the Model 17 design in 1937 as the Ithaca Model 37. It contained only slight modifications, such as the addition of a second extractor. Ithaca planned to begin manufacturing in 1933, and the gun was to be named the “Ithaca Model 33 Repeater.”
Then Ithaca discovered another patent, this one issued to J.D. Pedersen. Surprised earlier by the same patent, Remington had belatedly paid Pedersen a lump-sum fee and a royalty on each bun subsequently produced. Development was halted until the Pedersen patent expired in October 1936. Deliveries of the renamed Ithaca Model 37 began the following year.