When I was a kid, which was before cheap chronographs, all the in print gunwriters were all agog about the 270 Win, 130 grain bullets, and 3000 fps. The 270 Win was so superior to the 30-06 because a 270 Win 130 grain bullet had a much better ballistic coefficient than a 308 130 grain bullet, and the 270 Win could push a 130 grain bullet 3000 fps. Three thousand fps was some sort of magic number. Anything below 3000 fps was beneath contempt.
I have found, in my 270 Win rifles, that mid 2900 fps is about all I can go, before I start blowing primers and have expanded case heads. In fact, my 30-06's can push 130's a little faster than my 270 Win's, before blowing primers. The most accurate bullets in my 270 Win are 150's, but they are slow. I cannot push a 150 grain bullet in the 270 Win as fast as I can in my 308 FN PBR, or my 30-06 M70's. I have looked at my data, I start blowing primers when a 150 grain bullet, in a 270 Win, is moving close to 2800 fps, about 2750 fps is about the topple point.
Now having shot thousands of rounds through my 270 Win's, and tens of thousands through my various 30-06 rifles, I think the 30-06 is a better all around choice, but there is absolutely nothing wrong with a 270 Win. The so called better ballistic coefficient of 270 Win bullets, is not worth bothering about out to 300 yards, and unless you have a range finder, and zero's that you established by shooting at distance, bullet drop for either caliber makes longer distance hits problematic. Recoil between the two with same weight bullets is a wash.
I have buds who have shot most everything with either caliber, I think the 270 Win is at its best with a 130 grain bullet, a properly constructed bullet in either caliber will make a big through hole in white tails, and that is what you really want, more than anything. Both rounds are great on game.
Lest anyone think I dislike the 270 Win, just this month, I received back the action for this pre 64 M70, with its new 270 Win barrel. The original 30-06 feather weight barrel was slow, bullets were about 100 fps slower in my other 30-06's, and that light weight barrel was not as accurate as my standard grade pre 64 M70's. I have always thought a 270 Win and a M70 a classic combination, so, I now have the action with a custom made, 24 1/2" long barrel, 1:10 twist, SAKO finnbear contour. (I am of the opinion that the Green Mountain F34 barrel contour is a copy of the Sako Finnbear contour, and I sent a Green Mountain barrel to the gunsmith as a go by.) It will take me time to inlet the stock and monkey with the bedding, Antarctica might melt before I get around to it, but I should have a real dandy 270 Win when I am all done.