I agree with what Articap said. I get 2.5" groups at 50 yards using the .550 ball with .015 mink oil lubed patch over 80 grains of 3f goex. I coned the muzzle to make it easier to start a patched ball, but once started, the ball seats easily. As for a shot load, I use a square load of 70 grains of 2f goex, a 1/2" wool felt wad. 70 grain volume of #5 shot and a 1/2" lubed wool over shot wad. My patterns are good out to 25 yards, after that they start to open up.