Blackbearaddict;
Personally, I use 150 gr bullets for deer. Really, anything over that is also overkill. Deer aren't armor plated & neither are black bear. Shot placement trumps magic bullet every time in my book. I don't use my .30-06 for bear, I have another gun for moose elk & bear, but I could. If I were to do so, given the shorter ranges I expect to encounter bear at, I'd probably handload some 200 gr bullets. If I were limited to buying factory ammo, I'd buy a 180 gr premium bullet.
The .30-06 is perfectly capable, given a solid gun & careful load work-up, of flinging a 150 grain bullet out the muzzle at 3000 fps, or something very close to it. That gives both the flatter trajectory & kinetic energy to humanely take a deer out to any reasonable range. Proper shot placement will drop the animal in it's tracks. Hornady states that their 150 grain flat base spire point will retain over 1300 ft lbs of energy at 400 yards when exiting the muzzle at 3000 fps. That's enough oomph to do the job. Your job is to deliver the oomph in an 8 inch circle at whatever range you decide to take the animal at out to 400 yards.
900F