1911 Magazine Feed Lip Analysis

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Candiru

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A long while back I did some analysis of 1911 magazines for a friend and wrote up my experiences in an article. It was not a very comprehensive article and that bothered me, so I decided to take a whack at something a little more comprehensive and at the same time more focused: If you keep all things equal except the feed lips and the ammo type, how does that change the way cartridges feed?

Here's the result: http://how-i-did-it.org/magazines2. Check out the conclusions for some observations on ball ammo and USGI mags that ended up changing my carry load.
 
Outstanding Follow-up!

Candiru, That is an excellent follow-on piece to the one you initially did. I have directed others to your initial "Part 1" magazine analysis post since seeing it at m1911.org, and this makes it all so much better. The first part did leave one wanting to try more tests.

Out of frustration, as well as curiosity, I had also cut off an old firing pin to make a safe gun to cycle live rounds in, and started experimenting with different ammo types and feedlips/followers. I grew up shooting ball ammo out of Colt magazines in a Series '70 (this would be, oddly enough, back in the '70s). We didn't have the variety of jams, headaches, or problems we wrestle with today. After spending years messing with different loads and magazines, about six years ago I went back to ball ammo as carry in Colt magazines. Admittedly the newer Colt magazines are hybridized and not true "USGI", but the stone cold reliability and smoothness was still enough to persuade me. I don't tell people this on forums as I have no desire to get into debates about HP vs. ball, etc., etc. Thanks for putting some facts on the table and letting me "come out of the closet" about my traditional ammunition choice! Based on your article, I'll have to hunt up a USGI Checkmate magazine to get that "smooth" feeling again after all these years.

That's a great analytical post and a model for others. That's a sold "A" quality job. Not only thorough and scientific, but also both clearly, and stylishly, written. Any gun-themed subject hat can work in "reductio ad absurdum" and "Platonic ideal" without straining is a thing of joy. If you'd also worked in "Shadenfreude" or something similar, it would have been an A+. ;)



Chieftain
, part of your answer is on the last page of the post, though he didn't address what his reliability concerns were.

Candiru's study said:
I've decided to change my carry ammo from Golden Sabers in hybrid feed lip magaziness to ball ammo in USGI mags.

Even if it's only for the increased smoothness in feeding and the improved accuracy, that would be reason enough in my book.
 
Cheftain, I never encountered a single feed error that stopped the gun when using hybrid mags and Golden Saber. In fact, I purchased Golden Saber component bullets and reloaded them into nickel cases to make exact duplicates of my carry ammo so that I could run hundreds of rounds through the gun to confirm reliability. I wouldn't carry a gun that didn't feed reliably.

The reason I'm switching to ball ammo and USGI mags is because they feed so smoothly and repeatably. You could very well ask how I expect to improve on a combination that has never jammed; my answer would be that I don't think that ball ammo with GI feed lips is capable of jamming.
 
I don't tell people this on forums as I have no desire to get into debates about HP vs. ball, etc., etc.
I think I could justify carrying ball in a .45, now if it were a 9mm, it would be a different story...
 
The reason I'm switching to ball ammo and USGI mags is because they feed so smoothly and repeatably. You could very well ask how I expect to improve on a combination that has never jammed; my answer would be that I don't think that ball ammo with GI feed lips is capable of jamming.

Believe me, it can and does jam. One reason I switched from a 1911 to revolver in Vietnam was because so many of the 1911's broke and jammed. And yes I was using USGI magazines and ball ammo.

If you have a combination that has proved it's self to YOU. Don't fix something that ain't broke. To what advantage? How does one get more than 100% reliable? Please tell me, I will use it or do it. If it makes sense.

I think I could justify carrying ball in a .45, now if it were a 9mm, it would be a different story...

I have seen 45acp ball fail to much in combat. Frankly 9mm ball or even 38 spl in ball I found just as, or more reliable than 45 ball in combat.

Such 45acp luminaries as LtCol Cooper and Chuck Taylor conceded the lack of penetration with the 45acp ball. I have witnessed this myself in combat. Not once but several times. With that said, all handgun calibers suck.

On the other hand the 9mm ball has been accused of 'Over penetration' for over 80 years. Even with anemic American 9mm (civilian) ammunition.

If your read Dr Gary Roberts the leading terminal ballistics researcher in America today, he States, "When the choice is penetration vs what ever else, ALWAYS CHOOSE PENETRATION with handgun calibers."

Now someone else on another thread here on THEHIGHROAD, much wiser than I, said it best. If there was any "REAL" difference between the effects of the calibers, it would have been clearly "proven" years ago. It has not been proven. Why? Because they both work or don't work equally.

Presently as I write this, I am wearing a Colt in 45acp, but tomorrow I may be wearing my Browning Highpower in 9mm of course.

I find no difference in the effect if I do my job. If I don't do my job what happens will be the same regardless of caliber too.

Use modern recommended bullets, that work reliably in your weapon regardless of caliber.

If you think the problem is caliber, you really don't understand the question. But good quality hollow point bullets are necessary for maximum effect with any and all anemic handguns.

Go Figure.

Fred
 
One reason I switched from a 1911 to revolver in Vietnam was because so many of the 1911's broke and jammed.

Chieftain, a big problem in that era and why the government switched in the early 80's was that a lot of the guns were just worn out by that point. Some of them had been in continuous military service over 50 years at that point, and almost all of them at least more than 20 years. Same for the magazines, which also wear.

I certainly don't dispute your experiences in Viet Nam, and indeed salute you for the service. Candiru is talking about and testing modern guns.
 
Chieftain, a big problem in that era and why the government switched in the early 80's was that a lot of the guns were just worn out by that point. Some of them had been in continuous military service over 50 years at that point, and almost all of them at least more than 20 years. Same for the magazines, which also wear.

I certainly don't dispute your experiences in Viet Nam, and indeed salute you for the service. Candiru is talking about and testing modern guns.

Some of my guns are over 40 years old too. The present service pistol the M9/Beretta is in some cases 25 years old now. We are talking about the magzine and the bullets.

The Marine Corps is still rebuilding some of those 1911's we are talking about, and most 1911 folks consider the GI issue 1911's as the most reliable.

My point being, if what you are presently carrying is already 100% reliable with good ammunition that has a history and/or scientific backing to it's effectiveness, why would one change what is in fact working?

And in the case of the ammunition actually take a step backward and choose a less effective bullet?

Go figure.

Fred
 
I was being hyperbolic about the ammo/magazine combo being unable to jam; anything can (and will) jam.

The reason I am moving from JHPs in hybrid mags to FMJ in GI mags is because analysis of both at slow speed shows more consistent, controlled feeding with ball ammo and USGI magazines. It's true that I've never had a stoppage when using Golden Sabers, and likely that I could keep putting those bulletsdown the pipe until the end of my days without seeing a jam.

That being said, putting a bunch of ammo through the gun without seeing a jam is a quantitative measure. The more rounds you put through it without seeing a jam, the more confident you can be that the next round will not jam. Analyizing how the magazine feeds is qualitiative. I can look at it and see how and why feeding is reliable, not just that it hasn't jammed in so many rounds. It does more for my confidence that way.

It's why I'm not as comfortable with Glocks as 1911s, even though you could argue that Glocks in general are more reliable. Glocks just chuck the round at the chamber; they use completely uncontrolled feed, so there are a ton of random factors influencing whether or not the cartridge ends up in the chamber. Sure, most or all of them have been taken into account, but the randomness means you can't say what happens to the round until after it happens. It may be irrelevant in the final reckoning, but where guns are concerned I prefer to minimize the number of things I take on faith.

BTW, I'm also a huge fan of the Hi-Power. My every-day carry is an FM Detective, an Argentine Hi-Power variation with an inch taken off the slide and barrel. I carry Golden Sabers in it; I'd carry FMJ if I considered 9mm FMJ terminal ballistics acceptable. Because I consider .45 ACP FMJ to have acceptable terminal ballistics (not as good as JHP, but acceptable) is the only reason I'm going with that and USGI mags.
 
First, before I go any farther, I would like to say your study is interesting and very useful. Thank you for it. It looks like a lot of good hard work involved.

I do not want to or intend to be contentious, I want to discuss/debate some of your conclusions, which are entirely your own business, and I respect your conclusions even if I disagree with them. But that is what creates good and valid discussion/argument in my opinion.

If I offend you, it is not my intent, and I apologize right now.

With that respectful approach, may we ‘have at it’.

The reason I am moving from JHPs in hybrid mags to FMJ in GI mags is because analysis of both at slow speed shows more consistent, controlled feeding with ball ammo and USGI magazines. It's true that I've never had a stoppage when using Golden Sabers, and likely that I could keep putting those bullets down the pipe until the end of my days without seeing a jam.

Well said, Sir. You seem to have made MY point quantitatively. How does one improve on 100% reliability. There may be advantages that I am not aware of.

That being said, putting a bunch of ammo through the gun without seeing a jam is a quantitative measure. The more rounds you put through it without seeing a jam, the more confident you can be that the next round will not jam. Analyzing how the magazine feeds is qualitative. I can look at it and see how and why feeding is reliable, not just that it hasn't jammed in so many rounds. It does more for my confidence that way.

There is a quantitative point which in fact validates any given action. If it always works, it in fact, always works. Biologically speaking life itself is actually quantitative, as many random activities, done in very large number of times, constitutes life at the cellular level in all carbon based life forms. It is in fact reliable. And that is my point.

If there is no defacto difference in the occurrence of an action one way or when done another way, it could well be argued those actions are EQUALLY RELIABLE even if one is preferred over the other.

It is in fact the qualitative advantage you believe to have with ball and controlled release, that in anyway be proven, quantitatively? Or is the move to an anemic bullet to get an advantage that is effectively non-existent? 100% = 100%

It's why I'm not as comfortable with Glocks as 1911s, even though you could argue that Glocks in general are more reliable. Glocks just chuck the round at the chamber; they use completely uncontrolled feed, so there are a ton of random factors influencing whether or not the cartridge ends up in the chamber. Sure, most or all of them have been taken into account, but the randomness means you can't say what happens to the round until after it happens. It may be irrelevant in the final reckoning, but where guns are concerned I prefer to minimize the number of things I take on faith.

Faith? Consistent and over whelming quantitative evidence says you don’t need faith, but have experience. It does raise the question of the superiority of controlled vs. non controlled feeding? Is there in fact a need for control feed if non controlled is as reliable if not more so, particularly when using the most effective bullets available for self defense?

It is in fact much more “probable” of a magazine’s “controlled” release lips to become out of spec than those of a reliable non controlled lip magazine, in my opinion, based on your report and my experience. The part about all specs being critical. Where the spec’s are not as critical when using a non controlled release lip magazine, per your report.

What problem does the controlled feed solve? If the non-controlled magazine works with equal reliably and with JHP bullets? Is that faith or a fact?

A year ago I shot a 1000 round reliability match with my Kimber. All FTF were counted against you, even operator error, or as I like to call it DFO. I had two DFO FTF’s. The group that finished with no FTF’s was a Colt Commander with Wilson Magazines, a Glock 26, with Glock magazines, and a SIG 239 with SIG magazines. Not one control feed magazine in the bunch. The next group with only two FTF’s, (no one had only one) was a Glock 17, a Baer TRS 1911, and my #2 Kimber 1911 Warrior. I used Wilson 47D magazines, The fellow with the Baer used Wilson’s too, and a Springfield EMP 9mm with the Springfield magazines.
BTW, I'm also a huge fan of the Hi-Power. My every-day carry is an FM Detective, an Argentine Hi-Power variation with an inch taken off the slide and barrel. I carry Golden Sabers in it; I'd carry FMJ if I considered 9mm FMJ terminal ballistics acceptable. Because I consider .45 ACP FMJ to have acceptable terminal ballistics (not as good as JHP, but acceptable) is the only reason I'm going with that and USGI mags.

Kool on the FM. When I carry a Hightower it is usually a Custom Jim Gartwaithe Browning Highpower, with CorBon DPX 115 +P. I find your statements about ammunition interesting by way of your quantitative vs. qualitative argument above.

There is absolutely no qualitative or quantitative proof that the 45 acp FMC is ‘better’ or worse than the 9mm FMC, none. Frankly I have much personal experience in the above subject. My two tours with the 3rd Marine Division in Vietnam (I often get the question, “were you a medic?” Nope the Marine Corps has no medical personal, we use Navy Corpsmen. I was a Marine), on the delivery end of shootings (not withstanding my own rifle wounds) And my last 19 years as a Critical Care RN working amongst other special care units (CVICU, Cardiac Transplant, SICU, MICU etc..), Trauma ICU, and inner city ER’s. The receiving side of a lot of bullet wounds.

Yet we have both qualitative and quantitative evidence that the JHP is vastly superior to the FMC in either caliber.

My understanding of your conclusion, and please correct me if I read that wrong, is you want at least equal reliability with what you used to carry (100% which is impossible to improve on), with a bullet that is well documented and scientifically proven to do much less damage to the target, and to use a much abused and misunderstood term, less “stopping power“?

Personally I am not willing to give up the vast advantage of JHP pistol bullets over any caliber in FMC. With that statement I have frankly, per your study, ruled out ever wanting to used a control feed magazine.

I prefer 100% reliability with a bullet that is much more effective, to a weapons system with 100% reliability and substantially less effective FMJ bullet. I am not a purist although to some, at times I may sound like one. I want the singularly most reliable system that will do what I need done effectively in my holster and/or hands, at that moment of highest extremity.

I just don’t understand.

Thank you.

Fred
 
Anyone care for a response from a competent 1911 smith?
A properly tuned 1911 will function with ANY quality ammo delivered via ANY quality magazine.
If you need specific ammo or specific magazines, your 1911 is not functioning as it could/should.
A 1911 that functions 100% with fmj but not with hollow points, is a 1911 that is on the ragged edge of reliability. If you choose to own a 1911 for purposes of self defense, you should be willing to spend a few bucks to get it right.
Kimber recommends 500rds of fmj as a 'break-in'. What's that cost? $250?
And then you need to run several hundred rds of carry ammo to prove your gun with that cartridge. :uhoh:
As for using fmj in self-defense.........be aware that a 230gr fmj round will frequently exit the target with lethal force remaining.
Competent firearms useage is no cheap concept. It is nothing to be taken lightly.
Here is the Catch-22......there are darn few competent 1911 mechanics out there. And the competent ones have long waiting lists. Having a 'general gunsmith' tune your 1911 is like having McDonalds grill you a Maine lobster.
If you need out of the box reliabilty the Glock 17/19 is VERY hard to beat.
In THIS world TODAY, the 1911 is a smart choice only for the most committed pistoleros.
 
I'm not doing a good job explaining my thinking. The best analogy I can come up with is swimming a river. You can do the butterfly stroke all the way across and reach the other side exhausted, out of breath, and starting to cramp up; alternately, a nice easy overhand crawl will get you there without much fuss. You'd be right to say both ways got you to the other side, and if you kept going back and forth using the butterfly, you'd also be right to say that it got you across the river with 100% reliability, and the guy doing the crawl wasn't doing it any better--so long as the way you're measuring it is getting from one shore to the other.

My argument here is that if you can see that one way of swimming the river is easier and less taxing than the other then you can make a distinction between two kinds of 100% reliability. Because if you had to guess which guy is more likely to get tired or cramp up and get in trouble while crossing the river, it's the one doing the harder stroke. If both guys are in about the same physical shape and have swum the river the same number of times, who would get better odds for making it across if betting on one of them?

Ball ammo in GI mags versus hollowpoints in hybrids is the same deal. Both have worked 100% for me. But testing them both side by side shows that the ball/GI combo feeds more smoothly, more repeatably, and with more control than the hybrid mags; they will feed in all circumstances where a hybrid mag will feed hollowpoints, as well as some where the hybrids would jam. Obviously, I don't think either combination is going to jam: I wouldn't carry something I considered unreliable, and I currently carry hybrids plus hollowpoints. But if I had to choose which one is more likely to jam, it would be the hybrids. It's up to the individual to decide how important that minor distinction is to him versus what he's giving up in terminal performance when going with ball.

You brought up some good points about controlled feed versus uncontrolled feed. Controlled feed does indeed have more places where it can go wrong, and requires finer tolerances to achieve its reliability and repeatability. But once you've achieved those dimensions, they don't go anywhere (barring obvious damage). You can confirm they still work while sitting in a chair in the living room. Uncontrolled feed reliability is demonstrated in retrospect, after the gun has fired and after it hasn't jammed. And as long as chance is involved, past behavior proves nothing about the future: If you flip a coin fifty times and it comes up heads each time, you still have a 50% chance of a head the next time you flip it. Would I feel more confident with a gun that had fired 1,000 rounds without a hiccup than one fresh out of the box? Sure. But I'd be even more confident with a gun where I could identify what aspects contributed to reliability and confirm at will that those elements were present.

They lynchpin of the disagreement seems to be the issue of terminal effectiveness. .45 ACP FMJ gives up terminal effectiveness to a hollowpoint bullet of the same diameter, but in my eyes the loss is worth the gain in accuracy and reliability demonstrated when ball is fed from GI style magazines.

For the record, lest people take all of the above the wrong way, I totally agree with everyone who recommends Glocks to those who just want something that shoots and don't care to invest the time and money ensuring a 1911 is reliable. Out of the box, a Glock is the better bet. I also agree with those who say a 1911 that won't feed hollowpoints shouldn't be trusted with ball.
 
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