Common Disease From Eating Wild Hogs

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Zoogster

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Just a reminder to be sure to overcook your wild hogs to avoid pathogens not common in store bought pork.


Trichinosis is a nasty parasite that when ingested breed in the intestines. They then burrow through the lining of the intestine, doing some damage (creating scar tissue that will reduce vitamin and nutrient absorption in the future) and enter the bloodstream.
Once in the blood stream they travel to muscles throughout the body and form little cysts. Essentially like little tumors. They are permanent.
When another animal eats those cysts they become infected, continuing the cycle.


Trichinosis is almost gone in domestic pork production, though it is common throughout much of the world, even in many developed countries.
Wild hogs have a much higher prevalence of trichinosis. Often acquired by eating infected rodents.
If there is any pink left then the meat is not safe.
So while you may like your pork cooked juicy and tender from the supermarket, be aware that choice when eating wild pork can be unwise.



Symptoms of Trichinosis can vary from almost non existent being like dormant living tumors which may simply reduce life expectancy or quality of life, to causing some serious debilitating illness.
Strokes, and similar problems can result in some cases.

Trichinosis was once common in the United States.
In 1930 close to 17% of the population had Trichinosis.
Today it is officially rare, though a small amount of domestic pork produced is infected.
There is no cure for Trichinosis once the cysts are embedded in your muscles.
However even once someone has it eating more infected meat will increase the number of cysts, do more damage to the intestine, and increase the risk of cysts being deposited in areas that cause severe medical problems.




So all you hog hunters be careful and cook your meat well done!
 
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Keep in mind, this also goes for bears. Bears being related to swine are carriers of all the same diseases. The magic number is 150 degrees, and wild hog or bear meat below this temp or cold cured is asking for problems you don't want.
 
Wild Hog Diseases


Swine Brucellosis
Pseudorabies
Leptospirosis
Tuberculosis
Tulerimia
Trichinosis
Plague
Anthrax
Foot and Mouth
African Swine Fever
Hog Cholera
Swine Vesicular Disease



Parasites

Hog Lice
Fleas
Ticks
Roundworms
Liver Flukes
Kidney Worms
Lung Worms
Stomach Worms
Whipworms



In southern states, feral hogs frequently have infection rates of 10 percent for swine brucellosis and 30 percent for pseudo-rabies.
 
From the Mayo Clinic.............

Sure don't want it but it's not the end of the world and certianly not a reason to forgo eating wild pigs.

And if you look at the FDA web site you will see that CHICKEN should be cooked to 165 degrees internal temp. This kills the far more likely to occure salmonella bacteria.

Comes down to proper handeling......just as with any food.

And lord knows wild hog is a lot better eating than a farmed chicken!



Treatments and drugs
By Mayo Clinic staff

Trichinosis usually isn't serious and often gets better on its own. Symptomatic infections may respond to treatment with medication.

■Anti-parasite medication. Anti-parasite (anti-helminthic) medication is the first line of treatment against trichinosis. If the trichinella parasite is discovered early, in the intestinal phase, albendazole (Albenza) or mebendazole can be effective in eliminating the intestinal worms and larvae. You may have mild gastrointestinal side effects during the course of treatment, and you may need to take repeat doses to get rid of the infestation completely. If the disease is discovered after the muscle invasion stage, anti-parasite medications are no longer effective in eliminating the parasite.
■Pain relievers. After muscle invasion, pain relievers may be given for muscle aches. Eventually, the larvae cysts in your muscles tend to calcify, resulting in destruction of the larvae and the end of muscle aches and fatigue.
■Corticosteroids. Some cases of trichinosis cause allergic reactions when the parasite enters muscle tissue or when dead or dying larvae release chemicals in your muscle tissue. Your doctor may prescribe a corticosteroid to control inflammation during larval migration.
Prevention
 
And if you look at the FDA web site you will see that CHICKEN should be cooked to 165 degrees internal temp. This kills the far more likely to occure salmonella bacteria.

Salmonella is not permanent and really not a big deal. It should be avoided with proper handling, but if an average healthy person gets it they get some diarrhea and are a little sick for a short time and then are back to normal.
There is also many treatments available to reduce and treat the already mild symptoms.

Trichinosis is very common in wild hogs.
There is no comparison with permanent cysts being deposited throughout your body, and a mild bacteria that gives you some diarrhea for a day.
There is no treatment and no cure for them if you make the mistake and are infected.


That is one of the problems with health organizations and the media making a big deal of very minor illnesses. People become desensitized to real serious diseases.


Treatments and drugs
By Mayo Clinic staff
The parasite can only be killed in the intestine, not once it enters the blood stream. It does that in a relatively short time.
Some may still be killed in the intestine, but those already in the blood and embedded throughout the body in tissue are permanent and protected from treatment.
The larva are known to live over 10 years in the cysts. Even once they die the permanent little nodule, much like a benign cancer tumor still remains for life. Killing or weakening portions of the body with these little permanent dots of death throughout muscle and organs.
 
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Yeah, don't downplay it by making a straw argument that it's better than farm raised chicken or pork.

Just cook your meat and be aware of the risks.

If you don't know how to cook pork properly, go get yourself a meat thermometer or a thermometer with a remote probe. Jab it into the meat's thickest section, and then cook until it's up to temp.

Very very easy to do if you just take the time to do it right.

Anyone who consumes it at my house is safe because I make sure to cook it til it's done.
 
"Yeah, don't downplay it by making a straw argument that it's better than farm raised chicken or pork.

Just cook your meat and be aware of the risks."

"Straw".......point was to pay attention to known safety measures regardless of the food and you'll be fine.

And it is worth noting that as we all know hogs, if not properly controled, can get out of hand it seems far more useful to be discussing trichinosis in the same manner as we would discuss proper handeling of all foods.

Lord knows that last thing we want folks to do is not hunt them because they are unreasonably concerned about their edibility.....right?

And this too from Mayo:


"Trichinosis can occur in any meat-eating mammal. Irradiation will kill parasites in wild-animal meat, and deep-freezing for three weeks kills trichinella in some meats. However, trichinella in bear meat does not die by freezing, even over a long period. Neither irradiation nor freezing is necessary if you ensure that the meat is thoroughly cooked."

And let's not downplay the dangers of salmonella.

From Mayo again:

"Salmonella infection is a common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract. Salmonella bacteria typically live in the intestines of animals and humans and are shed through feces. Humans become infected most frequently through contaminated water or food sources — such as poultry, meat and eggs.

Typically, people with salmonella infection develop diarrhea, fever and abdominal cramps within 12 to 72 hours. Signs and symptoms of salmonella infection generally last four to seven days. Most healthy people recover without specific treatment.

In some cases, the diarrhea associated with salmonella infection can be extremely dehydrating and require prompt medical attention. Life-threatening complications may also develop should the infection spread beyond your intestines. Your risk of salmonella infection is higher if you travel to countries with poor sanitation. "

Being in the food industry, seafood to be precise, we get a lot of exposure to inspectors and to food safety issues. Experence is that in almost all instances there are some very easy methods of rendering food safe. No need to scare folks just educate them.
 
I must cook mine okay 'cause we ain't come down with anything, yet. We've gone through a LOT of hogs in the last 10 years. I'm getting to the point I just grind sausage out of most of it. The crock pot takes care of a ham once in a while, and of course the backstraps get fried thoroughly.

I'll grill ribs, but don't grill much else anymore, but sausage.
 
Grilled it to perfection , no less that 350 degrees F will ensure a kill on those bacteria and parasites for good!
 
The actual temp is 137 degrees to eliminate the parasite threat but 150-160 is safer since the majority of people never hit the coolest spot when measuring the temperature.
 
I think hogs get a bit of undue attention with trichinosis as compared to other game, which is unfortunate because there is a lot of other game that carries it and where it can be transmitted to humans.

Other carriers include bears, foxes, wolves, lynx, walruses, rodents (squirrels, rats, mice), horses, and humans are all common carriers.

I know we have a lot of squirrel hunters/eaters here as well.
 
I like to cook a whole hog or any pig for that matter by stating hot ,maybe 250+ till the pork is up to temp quickly then control temp to around 180* for around 6 to 8 + hours. Depends on pig size. Pull apart pork by then.
 
the majority of people never hit the coolest spot when measuring the temperature.

5-10 degrees off mid range on some meat thermometers is also not uncommon.
They are not all calibrated accurate throughout the entire range of the thermometer. Especially the cheaper ones.
Which is why from the USDA 160F (used to be 170F) is actually recommended as a minimum.
But people get away with less than recommended from many supermarket meats because the rate of infection in supermarket pork in the USA is very low due to feeding regulations (but is much higher in much of the world even many developed nations. Pork get it from being fed uncooked meat or eating infected rodents. A lot of protein animal feed is partially other ground up animals from rendering.)
Though corners can be cut in tough economic times...

In wild swine it is quite sizable infection rates , being even the majority of some groups, and high numbers of the parasite per infection in the tissues. So something someone has done for years with supermarket meat can quickly result in a significant infection with wild pork.

The combined temperature total of colder portions of the meat, and meat a thermometers being off a bit can easily total ~10-20 degrees different in some parts of a roast than the actual reading of the thermometer.
Though the main risk is grilling and similar cooking methods without even cooking rates, especially on thicker pieces of meat.
Not all biological specimens (of the parasite) are the same either, there can occasionally be a tougher one than typical.

Just cook your meat well done.
 
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Will grinding the meat for sausage kill the parasites? Does the sausage making process heat it enough to kill them?

Not to my knowledge, but smokin' it to proper temperature does. Grinding it don't cook it. I don't have a smoker box, pretty much just grill my sausage until well done. Takes several hours slow grilled away from the coals. I cook it til almost burnt in spots on the outside. It'll be well done, but moist.
 
Will grinding the meat for sausage kill the parasites? Does the sausage making process heat it enough to kill them?
No, but freezing the meat for a month (?) in the deep freezer before making the sausage will kill any parasites. For details, the search term is "certified pork". (I know wild pork isn't certified, but you can freeze-treat it yourself using the same guidelines) HTH
 
Salmonella is not permanent and really not a big deal. It should be avoided with proper handling, but if an average healthy person gets it they get some diarrhea and are a little sick for a short time and then are back to normal.
There is also many treatments available to reduce and treat the already mild symptoms.

I had salmonella during the peanut outbreak from earlier this year. If that was mild, I don't want anything serious. While my life wasn't exactly in danger, it was also about 2 of the most miserable days of my life.

b
 
No, but freezing the meat for a month (?) in the deep freezer before making the sausage will kill any parasites. For details, the search term is "certified pork". (I know wild pork isn't certified, but you can freeze-treat it yourself using the same guidelines) HTH

The key here is deep freeze. Not regular freezer.
The temperature range required is generally below that of typical household freezers.
(For the benefit of others reading, I saw you said deep freezer.)


Also that is for commercial pork. Some species of the parasite in wild animals is much more resistant to freezing.
This is especially true of host animals that live in colder climates.

From the CDC:

Cook wild game meat thoroughly. Freezing wild game meats, unlike freezing pork products, even for long periods of time, may not effectively kill all worms.
This applies primarily to predators, like bears, hogs, wild felines and canines etc
(And other predatory animals if you eat scavengers, rodents, or predators. Predators have the highest infection rates and density of parasites because they eat infected animals often. Wild hogs are predators and devour infected rodents.)

Cooking to well done always works though.



CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/trichinosis/factsht_trichinosis.htm
How can I prevent trichinellosis?

* Cook meat products until the juices run clear or to an internal temperature of 170 o F.
* Freeze pork less than 6 inches thick for 20 days at 5 o F to kill any worms.
* Cook wild game meat thoroughly. Freezing wild game meats, unlike freezing pork products, even for long periods of time, may not effectively kill all worms.
* Cook all meat fed to pigs or other wild animals.
* Do not allow hogs to eat uncooked carcasses of other animals, including rats, which may be infected with trichinellosis.
* Clean meat grinders thoroughly if you prepare your own ground meats.
* Curing (salting), drying, smoking, or microwaving meat does not consistently kill infective worms.

Cases are less commonly associated with pork products and more often associated with eating raw or undercooked wild game meats.

More people have it than are aware:
Symptoms may range from very mild to severe and relate to the number of infectious worms consumed in meat. Often, mild cases of trichinellosis are never specifically diagnosed and are assumed to be the flu or other common illnesses.
But the damage is permanent and accumulative with additional parasite consumption as it creates more permanent cysts in muscle and organs.
The denser the infection in the eaten meat the greater the number of parasites which create larva that turn into cysts in the body.
 
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