A first hand account. Single 9mm fmj fatality

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The heart is directly beneath the lower sternum (no, it's not on the left side), just an inch or so below the surface.

Mostly true. The heart sits at an angle with the left ventricle lying slightly to the left of the sternum. You can pull up chest xrays to check this. In fact the landmarks for hitting the left ventricle are the 4th intercostal space, midclavicular line, which will just about dead center the left ventricle. Although when I used to do IC sticks I usually preferred the subxyphoid approach because it was easier to find on fat people.
 
I watch the ER shows on tv, I forget the names but they show real stuff, cameras on scene. I seen a few guys get shot in the head, some lived and some do not.
 
From what I have learned, all hollowpoint bulets will reliably expand at 1400 feet per second.

Actually, the lower threshold of expansion has long been considered 1000 fps. That has been lowered lately in many cases by the factories and their research.

The location described was also seen in a Laurel, Maryland shooting early one Sunday morning. A domestic, in which the male decided to assault the officer with a kitchen knife. The officer discharged a single round, a 180 gr. JHP .40 cal. HydraShok. It struck nearly dead-center of the sternum, literally. The man collapsed "immediately" according to family witnesses, and the officer.

CPR, intubation, and a drug challenge en route to the ER, approximately 10 minutes away, left the man successfully dead.

Penetrating the heart, or it's major vessels into or our of the heart, causes rapid incapacitation, and almost certain death in the field.
 
It was a perfect well placed shot and the round did the job, for those who we feel that in a scenario we must use a firearm, if we are not competent enough to make a perfect shot we use more destructive rounds HP larger caliber etc. If i felt i could keep my cool and make a perfect placed shot i would use a 9mm, but personally I dont think i could be that good of a shot in a bad scenario so i use a 357 mag, explosive if you hit them anywhere center mass to abdomen theres a better chance they will go down with one shot, than a FMJ 9mm.
 
This kind of thing happens.

There is no exact science behind one shot stops, barring a CNS shot. One shot stops are possible, although they are really the exception.
 
if the round went straight through in the area of the sternum then my guess would be that it hit one of the major artery's or veins connected to the heart. the op did say the immediate loss of 'fluid', a large amount i assume, would suggest this. I had always read that a 9mm fmj doesn't leave a big enough hole for someone to bleed out quickly.
 
THE Classic:


Matix was then shot in the right forearm, probably by Grogan.
McNeill returned fire with six shots from his revolver, hitting Matix with two rounds in the head and neck.
As Platt climbed out of the passenger side car window, one of Dove's 9 mm rounds hit his right upper arm and went on to penetrate his chest, stopping an inch away from his heart. The autopsy found Platt’s right lung was collapsed and his chest cavity contained 1.3 liters of blood, suggesting damage to the main blood vessels of the right lung.
..........Platt had to climb across the hood of this vehicle, a Cutlass. As he did so, he was shot twice, in the right thigh and left foot. The shots were believed to have been fired by Dove.
Platt ......................received another wound when turning to fire at Hanlon, Dove and Grogan. The bullet, fired by Risner or Orrantia, penetrated Platt's right forearm, fractured the radius bone and exited the forearm.
...........Platt was shot again shortly afterwards, this time by Risner. The bullet penetrated Platt's right upper arm, exited below the armpit and entered his torso, stopping below his shoulder blade.
As Platt entered Grogan and Dove's car, Mireles, able to use only one arm, fired the first of five rounds from his pump-action shotgun, wounding Platt in both feet.
Mireles drew his .357 Magnum revolver, moved parallel to the street and then directly toward Platt and Matix. Mireles fired six rounds at the suspects. The first round missed, hitting the back of the front seat. The second hit the driver's side window post and fragmented, with one small piece hitting Platt in the scalp. The third hit Matix in the face, and fragmented in two, with neither piece causing a serious wound. The fourth hit Matix in the face next to his right eye socket, travelled downward through the facial bones, into the neck, where it entered the spinal column and severed the spinal cord. The fifth hit Matix in the face, penetrated the jaw bone and neck and came to rest by the spinal column.[20] Mireles reached the driver's side door, extended his revolver through the window, and fired his sixth shot at Platt. The bullet penetrated Platt's chest and bruised the spinal cord, ending the gunfight.
The shootout involved ten people: two suspects and eight FBI agents. Of the ten participants, only one emerged from the battle unharmed. The incident lasted more than four minutes and approximately 145 shots were exchanged.
 
I've seen insurgents hit COM with 5.56 run away and I've seen some drop dead as as door nail. One of the guys in my platoon had his guts hanging out after an RPG hit his truck, yet he lived without major complications, while one guy at Taji had some minor scrapnel wounds in his calf and died of shock within 10 minutes.

The human body is a wonderful yet weird mechanism. Sometimes the most horrific wounds are survivable and the smallest less invasive wound will kill ya.
 
Bullet upon exit might have been caught in one's bare hands with no injury...or maybe not, hard to guess. Often enough, upper body through-and-throughs are caugh the back side of the person's shirt.


Indeed, perforating the edge of the Heart or Aorta would usually occasion a nervous disruption, followed very quickly by a drop in both Blood Pressure and Oxygen to the Brain...unconsciousness...and, fatality following closely unless Surgical intervention and repair is timely.

CPR would probably only make things slightly worse, by accelerating the rate of Blood loss.


There are many stories, and videos showing also, where a person is shot with a small caliber Handgun, and drops instantly, unconscious apparently, yet later it turns out that no especially serious wound had occurred.


Possibly some people's unique Nervous System merely reacts that way, while others, do not.
 
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More information -

Paralysis was something we all thought at the time.

Upon turning the victim over to address the exit wound, we noted it was about an inch & a half away from the actual spine. But close enough that I can not say if it wasn't a factor. Or if the spine wasn't damaged somehow by the proximity of the wound.

There was allot more going that we couldn't see. Damage to the spinal cord even with out a direct hit is very possible. The shot went through the sternum. Which isn't a thin weak bone.

So what it did when it moved through the body and passing by the spine or by how close. I also don't know.

But speculation we couldn't do. We had to address what we saw & choose then.

I personally feel the patients sympathetic response was limited. The proximity to the spine would be my guess. But I just don't know.

Blood transfusions were performed. We were almost pouring it into the patient. I have to be vague about some details intentionally for patient privacy.

But the amount of fluids we were giving was allot as an understatment.

This case is one for our books as it brings allot to the table for any team to address.

As we do compressions, we can't address the bleeding wound on the back. And can't get enough hands on to address the wound to the front because we had to keep on compressions.

There were hard calls to make. Several times we were able to stop and get started on the patients back when it seemed the situation became more stable.

Both wounds were very similar in the amount of fluid loss. (still more from the front would be my guess)

And both wounds pumped blood out as we performed compressions...

The location of the shot, made our attempts to address the wounds while simultaneously performing critical compressions feel feeble.
:(

If the shot didn't penetrate as far as it did, it would of made our job easier.

Knowing a jhp would dump more energy & cause more damage still isn't a reassuring thought. :rolleyes: So I won't speculate if the patient would of survived from a jhp.

The few of us that know what the difference is in the ER agreed that we wished it was a jhp because this is certain -

It would of given us one less serious gushing wound to address, causing less fluid loss & decreasing the chance of spinal injury/shock from the proximity of the wound. Changing the entire dynamic in our response to attend to the wound.

Having these two wounds in this case set in motion a series of fatal events inside the patient.

Being struck anywhere between the nipples & the chin with a fmj or jhp is going to cause something very bad to happen. Being an highly vascular area of the body & sudden change to venous pressure could/would be catastrophic.

One of us talked to the police to get some more details. The account they told us was the shot buckled this 180lbs victim from their early first contact with those at the scene who were eye witnesses.
(didn't fall backwards, knees went out & then collapsed to the side in fetal position)

The challenge to keep switching ER Tech's every 5m to 10m to perform chest compressions while performing blood transfusion. Then to just have it pumped in & right back out again.

We had people waiting in a small line to switch off for compressions...

The heart was intact, (pulse) and could without a doubt function. But as to it's functioning properly? we didn't have the time to tell.

The amount of fluid in the upper chest was very notable. And when I say fluid, I mean blood as one poster asked.

5 hours later of intense work. The patient couldn't hang on. The only other option was air evac to our major city which he would not have survived in our opinion.

If we had a vascular surgeon here the patient would of could of made it IMO.

Everyone was wiped out. All of us could of gone on for days for this patient. But in the end it, the situation didn't become stable enough to perform any move or procedure other than what we did. (RIP)


As to the events leading up to this. It wasn't a case of wrong place wrong time. Sounds like a crowd of people in the street fighting.
Looks like the victim was a somewhat willing participant in the event that lead to their own death. The knuckles on each of the patients hands had signs of impact.

And I would like to stress the shape the patient was in. Top shape. Not linebacker big. But large in muscle mass & tone. And average height.

The patient had everything a person needs & more for anyone to survive an event like this. The amount of time it took from the shot fired to the ride into the ER was less then 8m from what I know!

Time, physical condition & youth was on the patients side. By far.

If this topic does anything for anyone, is great.

One thing I would like others to take away is the leathality of any projectile.

There are posts all over the internet on forums who's topic states the 9mm (or any fmj round) lacks the power to stop a person dead.
When I see these ignorant posts saying "they would rather have a rock or sharp stick than a 9mm fmj vs whatever". I will now do my part to educate instead of just rolling on...

Please don't make this a thread on bullet design. But that no matter the bullet design, all of them are capable in stopping a person in their tracks and ending life. Period.

For others online to have a cavalier attitude towards fmj is an outright disservice to those reading the forums who don't have the knowledge that all bullets posses inherent lethality & thus furthering a cavalier attitude.



I've Seen a few GSW to date. Each time drives home the old lesson of safety.

Stay alive, stay safe everyone :)
 
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The few of us that know what the difference is in the ER agreed that we wished it was a jhp because this is certain -

It would of given us one less serious gushing wound to address, causing less fluid loss & decreasing the chance of spinal injury/shock from the proximity of the wound. Changing the entire dynamic in our response to attend to the wound.

That can't be said with any degree of certainty. A HP may have perfromed just as the FMJ did. Or it may not have exited, but done far more damage inside. It doesn't really matter if there is a hole in the skin for the blood to leak out of; if it's getting out of the organs/arteries, it's blood loss. In fact, blood contained within the chest could further complicate the situation by restricting lung expansion. You may have had to make a second hole.

Bullet wounds are strange things, so it's kinda pointless to speculate about how a different one would have performed. .45 slugs have skipped off of skulls, yet a .22 LR or other small bullet to the peanut has resulted in DRT. Shoot, I remember seeing a cruiser cam recording of an officer struggling with an intoxicated man. The officer shot him with a .45 at contact distance and hit him square in the middle. The guy kept fighting for a good while before he finally stumbled and retreated to sit on the tailgate of his truck. DOn't know if he later succumbed to his wounds, but he still had plenty of fight in him after being drilled COM with a big bullet.
 
10-15 feet is three to five yards. That's REALLY close.
I imagine you could stop most people with one shot at that range with most calibers.

AS a matter of fact that is not true, and never has been true. Hand guns frankly suck at stopping anyone. The closer the bad guy is to you the more you need your shoulder weapons (rifle/carbine/shotgun superior accuracy, and effectiveness on target)

Besides Trauma ICU earlier in my career, I worked in an inner city ER just prior to my medical retirement.

From the leading Terminal Ballistics researcher in America today, Dr Gary Roberts, USNR LtCmdr, and former Reserve LEO in California too.

NONE of the common service pistol calibers generate temporary cavities of sufficient magnitude to cause significant tissue damage. Anyone interested in this topic should read and periodically re-read, “Handgun Wounding Factors and Effectiveness” by Urey Patrick of the FBI FTU, as this remains the single best discussion of the wound ballistic requirements of handguns used for self-defense -- it is available at:
http://www.firearmstactical.com/hwfe.htm .

Keeping in mind that handguns generally offer poor incapacitation potential, bullets with effective terminal performance are available in all of the most commonly used duty pistol calibers—pick the one that you shoot most accurately, that is most reliable in the type of pistol you choose, and best suits your likely engagement scenarios.

Basically all the standard service calibers work when using good quality ammunition.

Basically all the standard service calibers work when using good quality ammunition.

The keys are:

-- Cultivate a warrior mindset
-- Invest in competent, thorough initial training and then maintain skills with regular ongoing practice
-- Acquire a reliable and durable weapon system
-- Purchase a consistent, robust performing duty/self-defense load in sufficient quantities (at least 1000 rounds) then STOP worrying about the nuances of handgun ammunition terminal performance.

And if you think you might be headed for one, or know you are going to a fight, take a shoulder arm, in fact take several, and either leave the pistol, or understand it is a secondary weapon.

One gets “CAUGHT” with a pistol, one goes to fight with a shoulder weapon.

Go figure.

Fred
 
I get a kick out of what people "know". None of the following is easily verifiable. You'll have to take my word on them. I witnessed 2 and did one.
#1. I shot a water buffalo 5 or 6 times with a 50 and little immediate visible effect. After a few seconds, it fell down and was dispatched with an M-16.
#2. I saw a water buffalo drop as if pole axed with one round of M-16.
#3. Tex was shot in the nostril with what we assume was an SKS/AK round but we weren't sure. It knocked out several several teeth. Tex didn't realize he'd been shot until the firefight was over. That's a hole in the nostril, several teeth missing and a hole through his cheek. Jello junkies and naysayers discuss amongst yourselves.
 
I'll throw a few pennies to consider into this.

FMJ ammunition doesn't deform, as it was designed to pass through the target. This means a deep but narrow wound channel if the bullet performed optimally.

JHP ammunition deforms into a flower shape when performing optimally, and this flower is spinning, so you basically have a twisting torn wound channel (as opposed to punctured like the FMJ would most likely do, provided it's not tumbling for whatever reason). This wound channel is significantly larger, and while penetration is far lower, overall tissue damage has the potential to be far more devastating.

Rifle rounds are the worst simply due to the supersonic velocities combined with the sheer kinetic energy many of these rounds have. The overall effect is debatable, but anyone that's seen what a .308 does to an animal can attest, the wound channel is significantly worse than any pistol round could deliver.
 
Rifle rounds are the worst simply due to the supersonic velocities combined with the sheer kinetic energy many of these rounds have

The energy really has nothing to do with their lethality. It's just a byproduct of mass and velocity.

It is the velocity that causes the tremendous damage, and the point at which that kind of damage starts to occur is closer to mach 2. Many handgun rounds are supersonic. They don't cause that kind of immense damage. But starting at around 2,000 FPS, the effects of hydrostatic shock and the resulting cavity stretch, both temporary and permanent, become evident. That's why a 5.56mm bullet can make a 6" wide wound channel, even though it has only about the same amount of energy as a stout .44 magnum load fired from a handgun.
 
The few of us that know what the difference is in the ER agreed that we wished it was a jhp because this is certain -

It would of given us one less serious gushing wound to address, causing less fluid loss & decreasing the chance of spinal injury/shock from the proximity of the wound. Changing the entire dynamic in our response to attend to the wound.

That can't be said with any degree of certainty. A HP may have perfromed just as the FMJ did. Or it may not have exited, but done far more damage inside. It doesn't really matter if there is a hole in the skin for the blood to leak out of; if it's getting out of the organs/arteries, it's blood loss. In fact, blood contained within the chest could further complicate the situation by restricting lung expansion. You may have had to make a second hole.
Exactly.

Blood "gushing" from two holes is no worse than blood gushing from one hole and also filling up the thoracic cavity or the abdominal cavity.
What matters is the lack of blood to vital organs like the heart and the brain.



I'm surprised that you guys didn't crack open the chest and perform hand compressions to the heart itself while trying to isolate the source of the bleeding.
 
Discussion of 9mm vs. 45 is a game. Think of two relative sizes - elephant and a .577 Nitro 750 gr, bullet. Place one over the other (your choice). 12,000lb elephant, 750-gr, bullet. From 5 yards you can't see the bullet. 1998 Botswana. One shot from a Searcy .577 into the brain, one dead elephant. Anything into the brain is an instant drop. If you could drive a .22 lr into the brain, which it would have to penetrate 2.5 feet of honeycomb bone, it would kill.
 
Once again, its not how big the bullet is, its where you put it, shot placement is more important than caliber with anything over .32 cal IMO.
 
Quote:
10-15 feet is three to five yards. That's REALLY close.
I imagine you could stop most people with one shot at that range with most calibers.
AS a matter of fact that is not true, and never has been true. Hand guns frankly suck at stopping anyone. The closer the bad guy is to you the more you need your shoulder weapons (rifle/carbine/shotgun superior accuracy, and effectiveness on target)

Besides Trauma ICU earlier in my career, I worked in an inner city ER just prior to my medical retirement.

From the leading Terminal Ballistics researcher in America today, Dr Gary Roberts, USNR LtCmdr, and former Reserve LEO in California too.

Quote:
NONE of the common service pistol calibers generate temporary cavities of sufficient magnitude to cause significant tissue damage. Anyone interested in this topic should read and periodically re-read, “Handgun Wounding Factors and Effectiveness” by Urey Patrick of the FBI FTU, as this remains the single best discussion of the wound ballistic requirements of handguns used for self-defense -- it is available at:
http://www.firearmstactical.com/hwfe.htm .

Keeping in mind that handguns generally offer poor incapacitation potential, bullets with effective terminal performance are available in all of the most commonly used duty pistol calibers—pick the one that you shoot most accurately, that is most reliable in the type of pistol you choose, and best suits your likely engagement scenarios.

Basically all the standard service calibers work when using good quality ammunition.

Basically all the standard service calibers work when using good quality ammunition.

The keys are:

-- Cultivate a warrior mindset
-- Invest in competent, thorough initial training and then maintain skills with regular ongoing practice
-- Acquire a reliable and durable weapon system
-- Purchase a consistent, robust performing duty/self-defense load in sufficient quantities (at least 1000 rounds) then STOP worrying about the nuances of handgun ammunition terminal performance.
And if you think you might be headed for one, or know you are going to a fight, take a shoulder arm, in fact take several, and either leave the pistol, or understand it is a secondary weapon.

One gets “CAUGHT” with a pistol, one goes to fight with a shoulder weapon.

Go figure.

Fred

First off, I was addressing how in the limited scope of such a situation in which say THE BULLET TRAVELS THROUGH THE SPINE after traveling 10-15 feet, most calibers will stop someone with one shot.
I'm sorry I didn't outline this qualification specifically because I thought that since the situation was outlined in the OP, the thread would be discussing it.
My mistake.

As is however, I think most FBI studies have concluded that the only thing that directly correlates with the effectiveness of a round is placement, penetration and permanent cavity.
 
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