Unfortunatly the illustration shows only centerfire pistol cartridges being fitted in centerfire rifle adaptors
The ones for rimfires include a bit that has a rimfire firing pin and a way for the centerfire rifle's firing pin to drive that forward. I use one in .223/5.56mm rifles to shoot .22LR. I have shot .22CB Longs in "high capacity magazine fed, pistol gripped black rifle with a bayonet lug" just for giggles. In my expereince the adaptors I have used that have a long free bore are not particularly accurate and have used them in 1:12 down to 1:7 twists from CB longs to LR HVHP.
there are adaptors for .22LR for just about any ".22" centerfire and .22Mag adaptors for those long enough.
At one point someone was making rifled adaptors for larger bored centerfire rifles that could use .22 LR These were steel inserts with rifled "barrels" as part of the insert. They looked like the parent guns cartridges with very long necks,
There are adaptors to allow a .22LR to be fired from a shotgun and some where made with the .22Chamber off center to allow the shotgun 's normal firing pin to fire the .22LR directly. These were generally for using .22 "ratshot" in normal shotguns.
There are adaptors made for some semi auto rifles that allow semi auto fire of .22 LR the most common being for the AR-15 family of rifles, though there are also adaptors for even the 7.62x39 AK series and an outstanding one for the HK51/91/G3 rifle. I have not used the one for the AK, everyone I have used in an AR15 delivered less accuracy than the original round, but the HK model was excellent and expensive. They are also available for the Mini-14.
Sure I left out something.
-kBob