My take comes from actually shooting varies media, including shoot houses and structures built to replicate structures.
In others words, shooting a piece of drywall leaning up against something differs from shooting drywall that is actually onto 2x4s as a structure is done.
Constructed varies/differs from shooting just the materials. Another example is we had one way mirrors, just shooting through a mirror, is different from shooting one built one into the drywall.
One has to take into consideration what they have for home, business and other settings, backstops and all.
So many do "shooting lanes" , this is not new. We had concrete, steel up and under desks and showcases.
Wall were thicker than normal and in b/t me/mine and a situation if we did have shoot through a on-way mirror.
We had shot the media in that wall with 30-06 and 12 ga slugs, and the media would stop it.
Hearing comes into play for some, maybe a baby or small children in the home.
Low Pressure rounds such as .38spl and .44 spl are "easier" on the ears.
So the standard pressure rounds of 38spl .44 spl, and 45ACP are good.
9mm standard pressure another good one, it is a bit "sharper" especially from a short bbl CCW, still a whole less sharp than a .357.
.40 is sharp, loud and piercing.
I have had a .357 and .40 cal go off at bad breath distance as that is what the other person had.
Too me the .40 cal is worse!
I have fired 6 shots from a single action .44 mag with full house loads inside a structiure , very quickly, in a serious situation, with no hearing ( hell I was in bed) and that was not so bad. Granted auditory exclusion kicked in due to circumstances.
I also personally use 20 and 12 bore slugs , standard, not reduced recoil, based on my needs and testing.
I/we did the same for vehicles, and again, for me and mine, the full house load of .44 mag.
10mm was gone to by some, and many came back to .44 spl and .44 mag for vehicle guns.
I and mine had a need for some authority in a vehicle gun.
I am going way back, as there were no gun schools, just how business was conducted and how things were done based on years of actually doing.
One has to test, for their tasks.