What are the handgun laws like?
You have to be at least one year member in a shooting club and train once every month (or 18 times the whole year) to apply for a gun licence. Then you are allowed to buy two weapons in six month (so the maximum of weapons you can buy every year is four).
To buy a weapon to have to prove a neccesity (I hope this is the right word...), e.g. "I want to train IPSC Prodcution class and need a weapon in .40 S&W.". Then you get a pice of paper and can go to a dealer to buy any weapon in .40 S&W. You can also buy any smaller "change system" for this gun without problems (e.g. 9mm Luger), but not a bigger system like .45 ACP.
If you want another gun you have to prove a neccesity again. Lets say the first gun was a HK Expert .40S&W for IPSC and you now want to start in the "Duty pistol" event of a shooting federation you cannot use the H&K Expert because it is not a gun used by any military or police. So you are allowed to buy another gun which you can use in this event (e.g. H&K P7).
You can buy two guns without any problems. If you want more you have to prove that you cannot use one of your guns in the new events you want to train. Or you need a better gun to compete in an event (e.g. you did some matches and found out that you are really good but you could be better with another gun - e.g. you already have a gun for the IPSC Open division but you need a better one).
What firearms can be kept at home ...
The guns have to be stored in a gun safe. There a serveral classes (A, B, 0, 1). It is a little bit difficult to explain the details, but to shorten it:
In a "class B" safe you cannot store a gun together with the ammo. If you want to store a loaded gun you need a "class 0" or "1" safe.
You can have all of your guns at home.
... and what are the laws regarding self defense with a firearm in your home.
The german self-defense law is that you are allowed to use a gun to stop an attack against persons, but not against "things" -> if you see someone robbing your car in front your house you are not allowed to shoot. You are also not allowed to use a gun if the attack is over (e.g. the intruder is running away). Of course the law is a more difficult, but to explain the whole law it would need two pages...
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Semiautomatic rifles:
Until last year we had a law similar to the Assault weapon ban in the USA. Guns that looked like automatic weapons were banned. Remember the grey H&K SL-8 ?
Since last year we are allowed to buy weapons that look like full-auto weapons. H&K G3 clones, M16 clones, etc. Some guns are restricted to people with a hunting licence because of the barrel length (e.g. MP5 clones, M4, ect.).
Well, unless I'm mistaken, you can own (and use) a silencer on a rifle in many parts of Europe without having to get a license first.
Not in germany...
You need a special licence for silencers and the only way to get one is to be a hunter who is hunting in urban areas. This licence is very rare.
Fenris