If it is a good shoot, the jury, DA - blah, blah

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GEM

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In another thread, the cliche of whether it is a 'good' shoot came up on whether your CCW permit will come up in court to your detriment. Or will your hollowpoints, assault rifle, internet commando rantings, etc?

So what is a good shoot - if you went to court, someone doesn't think so. So the cliche is worthless because you are in court. Then what happens. Of course, the jury is rational and some proponent of self-defense will stand up for you. Or not.

FYI, this is an ongoing case that came to verdict in NY. Please ignore the race issue, just to look at the last hold out juror's view of the process. Think your trial isn't going to have some subjectivity as to whether it was a good shoot.

http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/30/nyregion/30white.html

September 30, 2006
Questions of Race and Intent Haunt a Long Island Shooting

By PAUL VITELLO

MILLER PLACE, N.Y., Sept. 26 — When John H. White, 53, was sent to jail for the first time in his life last month, young black inmates at the Suffolk County Correctional Facility sought him out to give him his “props” — slang for respect.
They recognized him immediately from TV clips as that somber, professorial-looking black man who had confronted a group of white teenagers chasing his 19-year-old son and fatally shot one of them, Daniel Cicciaro, 17.
The inmates wanted to give Mr. White props for defending his son against what they saw as a white mob.
Mr. White said he cut them off, appalled. “Whoa! Whoa! Back off,” he told them. “You’ve got the wrong idea. It was an accident. I didn’t want to kill nobody, you understand? Keep your props.”
Everyone involved has said essentially the same thing, that race played no role in the cascade of events that led to the shooting here on Aug. 9. The four young men who were with Mr. Cicciaro said so. Mr. Cicciaro’s father, also named Daniel, said that to ascribe racist motives to his son was to slander a young man who had many black friends and whose mother is Puerto Rican.
Mr. White, whose $100,000 cash bail was posted on Sept. 14 in large part by Italian-American co-workers at the paving company where he has been employed for the last 21 years, said in response to a question that he did not see the young men pursuing his son as a white mob but as “a group of grown men” threatening his family.
But perhaps, as the issue of race plays out in many suburbs, race was nowhere and yet everywhere in the events of that night.
In recent interviews with Mr. White and the Cicciaro family, a picture of two families sharing similar values emerged. Both were long-married couples with two sons. Both had moved in the last two years to new homes in new suburban developments where, they said, they had hoped to enjoy a hard-earned prosperity.
Mr. White, an avid gardener who supported his family as a union laborer, commuting two hours each way between Suffolk County and New York City, had found a cul-de-sac in which to tend his dahlias and day lilies. Mr. Cicciaro, who owns an auto repair shop, had settled his family in a new house with room enough for an oversized garage for his collection of restored cars.
Yet, although their sons were acquainted, the families’ worlds were to a great extent delimited by an unwritten code of life on Long Island.
John and Sonia White, both originally from the South Bronx, are among a tiny number of blacks living in their development, and among only 47 black families in the community of Miller Place, population 11,000. That is a roughly proportional reflection of the larger reality of racial separation on the island, where about 12 percent of the population is black, while less than 1 percent live in communities that are integrated, according to census data.
On the night of Aug. 9, the surface calm of that predictable world was broken by a storm of unpredictable factors — alcohol, testosterone, and what seemed like a resurrection of the ghosts of Jim Crow. These ghosts included a rumor of rape connecting a black man to a white girl; two carloads of white men in pursuit; racial epithets; and an old handgun carried to Long Island from Alabama.
The shooting occurred around midnight of a Wednesday evening during which Mr. White’s son, Aaron, attended a party at an acquaintance’s home in a nearby town. At the party, where the police said there was a lot of drinking, a group of young men, all white, accused Aaron White of having threatened to rape a girl, also white. The threat was said to have been made by e-mail nine months before.
Though he denied making any threat, Aaron White was asked to leave, and did so. A short time later, according to the police, a group of men led by Mr. Cicciaro decided to pursue him. By cellphone, Mr. Cicciaro told him that he and his friends were coming after him, according to the police.
In the interview, Mr. White said he was awakened by his son “from a dead sleep.” The son told him that Mr. Cicciaro and his friends were pursuing him, and why. He said he thought “they were going to kill him,” Mr. White said, adding that Aaron was “more frightened than I had ever heard my son in his life.”
Mr. White said he grabbed a weapon he kept for protection, a handgun he had inherited from a grandfather, Napoleon White, who brought it with him when he left Oneonta, Ala., in the 1940’s for New York. In an unsolicited aside during the interview, Mr. White said his grandfather had left not long after the Klan killed two brothers, both shopkeepers. (The police described the unregistered gun as “an antique.”)
According to both Mr. White and his son, Mr. Cicciaro and his friends used racial slurs when they arrived at his house. The young men later denied it.
Mr. White said he told the men to leave, and that after “a lot of posturing” they seemed to be ready to go, when suddenly Mr. Cicciaro rushed him and grabbed the muzzle of his gun.
Mr. Cicciaro’s friends gave the police a different account. They said Mr. White pointed the gun in the face of each of them, shouting, “I’ll shoot you.” They said Mr. Cicciaro never grabbed the gun but waved it away when it was pointed in his face.
Mr. White said that when he tried to pull away from Mr. Cicciaro’s grasp, the gun went off accidentally. Mr. Cicciaro’s friends told the police that Mr. White simply pulled the trigger at point-blank range.
It was in the frantic 911 call by one of Mr. Cicciaro’s friends, made from a car carrying the mortally wounded teenager to a nearby hospital, that a police tape captured the type of racial invective the Whites said they had heard throughout the confrontation. The cellphone had been left on, and Mr. Cicciaro’s friends were heard using racial profanities as they spoke among themselves, investigators said.
A Suffolk County grand jury indicted Mr. White on gun charges and a single count of second-degree manslaughter, which is a charge of reckless homicide. The police initially charged him with second-degree murder, the intentional killing of Mr. Cicciaro.
In a separate interview, Daniel Cicciaro Sr., a man of medium height with scarred hands from many years of work in auto repairs, seemed almost in pain as he maintained an air of self-control. With his wife, Joanne, sitting beside him on the porch of their home in Port Jefferson, he said: “I want you to know I have no animosity personally or racially toward the White family. I cannot presume to know what was going through his mind at the time he killed my son. But God have mercy on Mr. White.”
Mr. Cicciaro returned again and again to his son’s lack of racial prejudice and the unlikelihood that race played any role in his pursuit of Aaron White. “If going to this guy’s house to beat up his son was seen as some sort of racial attack, my son was so not-racist that the thought would never even have occurred to him,” he said.
He disputed Mr. White’s claim that the shooting was accidental: “If it was an accident, like he says, why didn’t he call the police immediately? He called his lawyer instead. And why does he come out with a loaded gun in the first place?”
During his interview, Mr. White, a tall, thin bespectacled man with thinning hair, spoke with a similarly painstaking deliberateness. He said he had the gun to “protect my family” and told his wife to call the police, but she told investigators she did not hear him.
After the shooting, Mr. White said, he and his wife did not call 911 because they were “in shock.” Since the killing, “I have not slept at all,” he said. “I never think about anything else.” He said he felt “devastated and remorseful” for killing the teenager. “But I thought these guys, this mob, was coming to hurt my child.”
Asked if he saw them as a white mob, Mr. White pondered for a moment. “I saw them as a group of grown men in my driveway. I was scared to death.”
In describing his background, Mr. White placed himself as the second of eight children, and he referred repeatedly and with deep affection to his grandfather, tearing up when describing the family lore about the Klan killings of his great-uncles.
When pressed, Mr. White said he viewed his grandfather’s world and his as different universes. He rejected any notion that he might have perceived what happened in his driveway through the prism of his grandfather’s losses.
“I did not mean to shoot that young man,” he said. “I grieve for his family. I moved out here with my children just like everyone else, to protect them,” he said. “I have never had problems with white people — if I did, why would I have come out here in the first place?”
Mr. Cicciaro said he was “baffled” by a charge of less than murder against a man who “walked 80 feet down his driveway and told these kids he was going to shoot them, and then pulled the trigger.” He said he was “extremely disappointed” in the criminal justice system.
Mr. White said he understood that disappointment, but added that when he picked up his gun, he only meant to “scare those kids off,” he said.
During the interview, he referred several times to his new home as “my dream house.” He recounted how his wife, Sonia, decorated the house with loving attention. “Stickley, Audi in the dining room; Henredon, Baker living room; Kashan rugs, the works,” he said.
They will be leaving that house as soon as they can, Mr. White said.
“I wouldn’t feel comfortable keeping my family here. I know how I would feel if someone hurt my kid,” he said. “There wouldn’t be a rock left to crawl under.”



http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/25/nyregion/25jury.html?ref=nyregion

December 25, 2007
Juror in Long Island Killing Says He Was Pressured Into a Guilty Verdict

By COREY KILGANNON and NATE SCHWEBER
At 8 p.m. on Saturday, a jury deciding the racially charged manslaughter case of a black man who shot a white teenager last year was still “hopelessly deadlocked,” to use the term the jurors used earlier in a note to the judge.
It was the 11th hour of the fourth day of jury deliberations, and a pack of news crews was waiting, as were lawyers, anxious relatives of the defendant and the victim and a racially divided gallery that had sat on separate sides of a courtroom in the Suffolk County courthouse for a month.
A mistrial seemed imminent. But Judge Barbara Kahn, who had given the jury the case on Wednesday, kept them deliberating late Friday night. Then, when they could not reach a unanimous verdict, she called them in on Saturday, asking them to give their home phone numbers to court officials and indicating that they would have to come in again Sunday if they did not reach a decision, and then on Monday, Christmas Eve.
In fact, most of the jury — 10 members — had already concluded by then that the man, John H. White, 54, was guilty of second-degree manslaughter in the shooting of Daniel Cicciaro Jr., 17.
Daniel was shot point-blank in the face on August 9, 2006, after he and several friends arrived at Mr. White’s house and began using racial epithets in challenging Mr. White’s son, Aaron, then 19, to fight.
But there were two holdouts on the jury. And to one of them, François Larché, 46, of West Islip, Mr. White’s account of the night’s events — that the shooting was an accident and that he was protecting his family and home against a “lynch mob” of angry teenagers — resonated.
In an interview at his home, Mr. Larché said he still thought there was reasonable doubt about Mr. White’s guilt. On Saturday night, when the jury was polled, he refused to vote guilty, he said. He said that he and a female juror, whom he declined to name, had endured pressure and mistreatment from the other jurors because they remained “diametrically opposed” to them.
But by the end of the night on Saturday, he said, the pressure and the rigorous deliberating schedule finally caused them to buckle. At 8:30, he said, he spoke with the other holdout.
“I said: ‘That’s it, I’m done. I don’t know what you want to do, but that’s it for me,’” Mr. Larché recalled. “Everyone stayed real quiet when that happened. They were probably whispering to themselves, ‘Hallelujah.’”
Within a few minutes, the jury of six white women, five white men and one black man walked into the courtroom and told Mr. White that he had been found guilty.
There was no immediate comment from the Suffolk County district attorney’s office, but a lawyer for Mr. White, Frederick K. Brewington, said Monday that the setting of such a rigorous schedule for the jury “turned up the pressure for a verdict” and “was like dynamite to throw into an already explosive case.”
The manslaughter charge that Mr. White was convicted of carries a maximum sentence of 5 to 15 years. Mr. Brewington said he was appealing the decision and would request that Mr. White, who is free on $100,000 bail until his Feb. 21 sentencing, remain out of prison until the appeal.
Mr. Larché, who is white and immigrated from South Africa in 1982 partly because of his hatred of apartheid, said that he was badgered by the other jury members for holding out.
“They were making attacks on me,” and with that dynamic, he added, “You’re not going to be able to work.”
On Friday, the jury sent Judge Kahn a note stating that certain jurors were not properly following her instructions and needed to be reminded of legal aspects of the charges. Mr. Larché said that other jurors “told me I was misinterpreting the law.” But, he said, he firmly believed there was reasonable doubt that Mr. White was guilty.
“The doubt is definitely there,” he said. “You have the right to use deadly force if you believe your person or property is threatened. Does he have justification for that? I think he does.”
If other jurors had paid closer attention to the charges, he said, “They might have made a different decision.”
In an interview at his home yesterday, Juror No. 12, Richard Burke, called the deliberations “very emotional” but he said that there was no pressuring of the jurors. “Nobody pressured nobody,” Mr. Burke said. “Everyone’s entitled to their own opinion, and it was a process. Some people just see things a little different, and when the verdict happened, it happened. It was just an act of God, and that was that.”
For his part, Mr. Larché denounced the performance of his fellow jurors. “I don’t think there was any process followed where all the jurors objectively looked at the evidence and testimony and put all the pieces together,” he said, adding that he finally gave in to the pressure. “I wish that the people of the State of New York gave this man another trial in another county,” he said. “I don’t think Suffolk County will ever be fair to Mr. White.”
 
that right there is why i hate the jury system... i would much rather rely on the the supposed 99% reliability of a so called "lie detector" than the (in my opinion) 40% reliability of a jury
 
Think your trial isn't going to have some subjectivity as to whether it was a good shoot.

Your trial involves human beings, therefore it involves subjectivity. There is no way around it and it is not always a bad thing.
 
Lie detectors have been found to be really inaccurate.

If you get good results in your favor, your good.

If not, your screwed, even if you maybe in fact, innocent.
 
Oklahoma law does not require a prosecutor to take an apparently righteous self defense case to a grand jury. Our prosecutor recently passed on two shooting cases, one involving the death of a burglar.

"LAWTON — A state prosecutor cited Oklahoma’s “Stand Your Ground” law in announcing that no charges would be filed against a man who shot and killed a burglar."

"Comanche County District Attorney Robert Schulte said he plans to take no action against Jeffrey David Dorrell, 40, who shot and killed Frederick Stuever, 17."

http://concealed.wordpress.com/2007/10/
 
Why The Trial

Two reasons -

  1. The law does not support self defense unless you are essentially cornered. As a Floridian, I have tried to explain this to the locals (I worked on a project at JFK), and they seem to be accepting of come what may from the Criminal Element.
  2. Firearms in NYC and Long Island are not "household appliances". My knowledge of firearms and the fact that I carry stands out. I have told stories of my sisters being armed (hunting) is outside their frame of reference. I worked with a guy who father was a NYC detective, and he never fired his weapon, and passed on the idea that only people with large amounts of cash should carry.
Mr. White's mindset (The KLAN) is not on anybody on Long Island's radar. Though I do not have a full handle on all the elements of the incident, three facts stand out in my mind:

  1. The deceased came to Mr. White's house.
  2. There was a drunken mob besides the deceased.
  3. The deceased person tried to take the weapon from Mr. White.
Had this been Florida, the fact that Mr. White was in place where he had a right to be and was meeting force with equal force to stop a forceable felony would have ended the situation right there.

The only tactical question I have is why he was outside, and not 15 feet behind his door when the drunken mob showed up.
 
This is NOT difficult to understand --

QUOTE FROM THE ARTICLE: Mr. White said he cut them off, appalled. “Whoa! Whoa! Back off,” he told them. “You’ve got the wrong idea. It was an accident. I didn’t want to kill nobody, you understand? Keep your props.”

“I did not mean to shoot that young man,” he said."

----------------------------------------------------------------------
"Self defense is not a defense for an unintentional act, like an accidental discharge. Self defense is an affirmative defense for an intentional and legally justified act." -- Massad Ayoob
----------------------------------------------------------------------

Sounds like a tragic incident in all respects.
 
I'm leaning away from it being a good shoot and more of it being the hand of Darwin at work. Right or wrong, arguing with or yelling racial slurs at a man pointing a gun at you on his own property isn't exactly genious behavior.:rolleyes:

“I said: ‘That’s it, I’m done. I don’t know what you want to do, but that’s it for me,’” Mr. Larché recalled. “Everyone stayed real quiet when that happened. They were probably whispering to themselves, ‘Hallelujah.’”

That's why I'd rather have a Hells Angel with a huge middle finger on my jury than some spineless twit. Unfortunately, anyone with demeanor any different from cattle is going to be herded out of the ring before the trial.

“They were making attacks on me,” and with that dynamic, he added, “You’re not going to be able to work.”
Yeah, aww jeez too bad you might even miss another episode of your favorite TV show, the guy you thought was not guilty is going to miss a lot more than work because of you lack of fortitude.
 
The only tactical question I have is why he was outside, and not 15 feet behind his door when the drunken mob showed up.
====================================

Because it's his home.
 
IANAL but it would seem that the statement from the juror who claims he was pressured by the other jurors would be sufficient grounds for an appeal and a retrial.

Any Lawyers wish to comment...

That said: Too bad the guy lives in NY. In OK that would have been a good shoot.

Which makes me wonder how he got equal protection under the law. I mean, in OK he walks without ever being charged with a crime while in NY he goes to the joint for 5 to 15. Something is seriously wrong with that.
 
I served on a jury that convicted a guy of murder. He was guilty IMO. But there were a couple hold outs that declined to hang the jury. I felt they disagreed with the verdict though I didn't ask them why they went along with the group. They were the type that didn't want to rock the boat.

I can understand people just not wanted to be the one guy, but I can also see where I would hate for the one guy who might prevent me from getting convicted to back down and decide it wasn't worth it.

Do any of you think it should be improper for the judge to hold the jury over all weekend? It seems to me that puts a great deal of pressure on any hold outs.
 
Do any of you think it should be improper for the judge to hold the jury over all weekend? It seems to me that puts a great deal of pressure on any hold outs.
Add that to a list of reasons this case is appealable...
 
Because it's his home.
And that means you can be deliberately confrontational?

I was always taught to avoid a fight... having a gun isn't an excuse to go looking for a fight, and it's hard to prove to the DA that you're just an innocent victim when you didn't even try to avoid/defuse it. Shooting should be your last resort, having exhausted all other possible options (bar/lock the doors, hit the lights, call 911, move to "safe" room with good cover/concealment). We all know that 911 isn't magic and all, but it sounds pretty foolish to confront a mob outside, by oneself, without even having considered anything else.

if a group of ne'er-do-wells shows up in my front yard I wouldn't actively confront them.
 
In florida this would have never made it past the grand jury. For the record I grew up in jersey right next to the outerbridge crossing and many of my friends were from staten island and we sometimes went to partys on long island and can tell you that racism is real bad on long island, I cant blame the guy for confronting the mob on his front lawn because I've witnessed blacks get the sh*t kicked out of them for walking on the wrong side of the street up there.
 
The irony is that his actions may have been questionable but could be interpreted as legal if it was intentional. A guy grabbed the muzzle of his firearm, posing a lethal threat to him and he shot him. The reverse could just as easily be said if one of the people he was pointing it at had managed to injure or kill him.
Then the only question to resolve in determining if it was justifiable would be why he was outside and not taking defensive measures prior to that incident, and had a firearm outside in a place that does not recognize the right to carry for self defense.

However if it was an accident caused by him then he is in fact guilty of felony manslaughter, and liable civily as well, and that only if he is not found guilty of murder.
So they still must determine if it was murder or not, but even if they determine he is not guilty of murder then he can still be guilty of a serious felony offense for accidentaly killing someone due to negligence.

Simply having a loaded firearm (and handgun in NYC) outdoors in that anti gun environment when planning to have an argument and confronting several men could be all the facts they need to arrive at the conclusion that he is guilty of something.
By his own admission that it was an accident it will show even he did not believe shooting was necessary at that point. That will count against him more than anything.
 
Jeff22, you are absuloutely right.

Mr. White said he cut them off, appalled. “Whoa! Whoa! Back off,” he told them. “You’ve got the wrong idea. It was an accident. I didn’t want to kill nobody, you understand? Keep your props.”

“I did not mean to shoot that young man,” he said."

That hanged him. First of all, if he accidentally killed someone, I have little sympathy for him.

Second, guns only come out when you are in fear of death or serious physical attack, and if that's not the case, keep it in the holster.
 
Is it then true that an accident while facing a clear danger counts the same as if there was no danger at all?
Were the people who jumped from the World Trade Center on 9-11-01 guilty of reckless endangerment?
 
thoughts

You can't have a "good shoot" if the shooting itself was the result of an ACCIDENTAL discharge.

There was a case a number of years involving a cop armed with an M1911A1 type pistol who was attacked by a suspect who attempted a weapon disarm. During the struggle, the cop ACCIDENTLY touched the trigger and shot the guy. The cop was found to be liable.

Under the circumstances of that incident, the officer was probably perfectly justified in shooting the suspect to prevent being disarmed. His saying that it was an accident, honest as it was, probably doomed him . . .

(Massad Ayoob discussed this in a magazine article I read someplace, either in COMBAT HANDGUNS or AMERICAN HANDGUNNER [I think])

The appropriate thing to do in this incident would've been to stay in your house, call the police, and let them deal with it. If somebody comes kicking in your door, then act as necessary . . .

That whole attitude of "I'll handle it myself" gets lots of people in trouble and makes it a LOT harder for the cops to sort out what actually happened.
 
The lone juror should have stood up to the "mob" of nine other jurors. He trys to garner sympothy or praise for his leaving South Africa because of Aparthied. If he were truly brave he would have stayed to help change his country instead of fleeing to America.

To me he showed cowardness twice, first leaving SA because he didn't want to risk himself changing his goverment and second by choosing to convict a man he thought inocent because the other jurors wanted to be home for the holidays.
 
Yet another clear indication of why I'll never, ever, live north of the Red River ever again.

In fact, I've been writing our governor's office and begging him to say to hell with the fence on the Rio Grande and instead put one up on the Red River and Sabine River.

Jeff
 
I like this part from the second article (bit didn't seem to be in the cut-n-paste)

http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/25/nyregion/25jury.html?pagewanted=2

Other jurors, Mr. Larché said, including Juror No. 12, Richard Burke, frequently invoked religious imagery.

“Mr. Burke made a speech and said how this government was founded on the law of Moses,” Mr. Larché said. “He inferred that I’m on the side of barbarians.”

In an interview at his home yesterday, Mr. Burke called the deliberations “very emotional” but he said that there was no pressuring of the jurors.

“Nobody pressured nobody,” Mr. Burke said. “Everyone’s entitled to their own opinion, and it was a process. Some people just see things a little different, and when the verdict happened, it happened. It was just an act of God, and that was that.”

Mr. Burke said, “Through prayer is what ended it,” noting that he counted six jurors who were Christians and that they had prayed with him out loud during the deliberations.

“There was a lot of prayers all throughout,” he said. “We prayed God was in the testimony. There isn’t a one of us that wanted to do this. But it’s the law, and this country is based on laws, and those laws are handed down by God.”

***?!:eek: Is this the state of the American juror today? In the supposed "educated and progressive urban Northeast?" This is what happens when civics education neglects to inform people of the purpose of the jury - namely to be one of the last-ditch checks on governmental power. :what:
 
There was nothing about this story that gives rise to the proverbial "Good Shoot."



A "Good Shoot" would by definition be an aimed and intentionally discharged shot, fired so as to stop a reasonable and actual threat of death or great bodily harm (jurisdiction dependent).

An admittedly unintended discharge cannot be a good faith self-defense shooting, no matter the circumstances.

Now, that is not to say that such an unintended shot need necessarily be either a criminal act or an act of civil negligence. Circumstances could exist where one is justified in having a firearm drawn and it discharges as a result of action of the person shot.
 
The irony is that his actions may have been questionable but could be interpreted as legal if it was intentional.

That's a good point. It's foolish to worry about a lot of things, but one thing you must be VERY careful not to do is apologize or make stupid statements after the fact such as "it was an accident." If it was an accident, then say bye-bye to self defense.
 
Then you have a juror denouncing other jurors on what he seems to say are principles, yet he voted for conviction, and seems to be the least pricipled of them all because he just wanted to get it over with.

I do not know if this guy is guilty or is innocent, but I suspect he was guilty as charged because of how he reportedly changed his account of what happened, and changed his motive for grabbing the gun in the first place, and changed his accounts of the actions taken by the guy he shot, as time and the criminal justice process went onward. The media, in the forms of ultra leftist newspapers the new York News Day and NY Times supported the shooter. Do you for a moment wonder why? The race card and nothing more is my bet, because it fulfills their liberal agenda, and it was almost ALL THEY COULD CONSISTENTLY TALK ABOUT WHEN TELLING THIS STORY. Why was that the only consistent thing, I guess because the shooter was so inconsistent in his version of events as reported.

When you become aware of the facts as expressed in this case, better told by Newsday than by the Times I think, you will see the suspect changed his story as to why he grabbed a gun, why he thought his life was jeopardized, what moves the guy who got shot had made (first saying the kid tried to slap away the gun, then later after being charged he said the kid grabbed the gun and trying to take it away and it went off), and so on. This was apaprently done almost from day one all the way through the trial. To me it sounds as if he over reacted to the circumstances, and he was convicted for that because overreaction is not a justifiable reason for believing you were about to be imminently harmed by threatening circumstances; and also he tried to play the race card to avoid being found guilty and this is obvious since near the beginning of this case.

All the best,
Glenn b
 
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