Some of the Victory Models were chambered for .38 S&W Special; if yours is one of those it should say so on the barrel. If all it says is ".38 S&W", the chambers were probably bored out at a later date to accept the longer .38 S&W Special cartridge.
Several reliable sources say that the cylinders used on the .38 S&W models are the same as the cylinders used on the .38 S&W Special models and, therefore, it is safe to use .38 Special ammo in a .38 S&W model that has been modified like yours was (but NO +P, etc). However.....
..... the base (not the rim, but widest point of the base) on the .38 S&W cartridge is .382" wide while the base of the .38 S&W Special cartridge is only .375" wide. That means you get a slightly looser fit in the chamber if you use the .38 special ammo. (You can see for yourself .... the difference is enough to let you 'wobble' the .38 Special cartridge around in the chamber even after it is resting on its rim on the face of the cylinder; the .38 S&W should fit pretty snug.)
Some folks worry that extra play increases the chance of a cartridge rupturing in the chamber. (There might be a little blow back if that happened, but getting the split cartridge stuck in there would be the major headache.) Some folks don't worry about it at all. Consult a gunsmith you trust for a good opinion, but in the end you have to decide for yourself how much risk you are willing to accept.
You can still fire .38 S&W ammo out of that gun even though it has been bored for the longer .38 Special ammo. You can still buy .38 S&W ammo.... Remington makes it in a 146 grain round nose lead bullet loading (item #R38SW). The last box I bought cost almost $30 for a box of 50 cartridges.