the shoulder creates a "swirl" in the flame and makes the powder burn more efficient
one of the bigger things that bumps up the performance with AI cartridges is the better shoulder angle
the principle of a swirl in a combustion chamber, same thing applies to an internal combustion engine
Puh-leaze.
How are you measuring (or seeing any effect of) this "swirl" in 60KPSI gas? What kind of relationship does the "swirl" have with regards to shoulder angle? What about the boundary conditions of 0 degrees (straight wall case) and 90 degrees (either a funny looking case with very sharp shoulders or imagine a straight wall case with a saboted bullet)?
Come to think of it, what about a shoulder angle >90 degrees? Maybe some gas will get trapped and you will have to shake it out before you tumble the fired cases?
In an ICE you need to mix fuel and air (not so, obviously, in a cartridge), and the gas velocities are WAY lower than in our example.
The "improved" performance from the AI wildcats is:
Maybe 10% from the larger capacity, blown out case.
The rest is from the "I don't have a strain gauge to measure pressure and there is no factory ammo to compare it to*, so I load it to the gunwales or until it blows up, whichever comes first" syndrome.
Kachok, if you spend 10% of the time you are spending agonizing over this rifle choice practicing with whatever you actually end up with you are going to be a freaking ninja assassin in the field
I know, it's all good fun.
*Not 100% correct as Nosler is loading 280 AI and I'm sure there are others I am not aware of.