So far as ballistic requirements go, the military use of the 7" pitch is due to the length of the tracer round - the M855 62 grain bullet is adequately stabilized by pitches of 9" or faster. The 9" pitch will also work with commercial bullets of up to 69 grains. The 55 grain M193 bullet performs best in the 12 pitch of the original M16 barrels (the 14" pitch proved to be insufficient to stabilize the bullet). There are variations in the actual performance of different barrels, of different lengths, and with bullets of different manufacture, but the above statements are generally true. Another fact is that over-stabilized bullets do not shoot as well as adequately stabilized ones - the M193 bullet does not perform as well in the 7" pitch as in barrels of 9" to 12" pitch. None of the mil-spec bullets can be relied on to give very fine accuracy, as that is not a requirement for them. As a rule, a good AR with milspec ammunition should group in 2 - 2 1/2" at 100 yards/meters. Commercial bullets will almost always do better in a good rifle.
PRD1 - mhb - MIke Barrel maker, retired