We have discussed these occasionally on BP THR. When I was in Germany in the 1970's these seemed to mainly be found down in the alps. I first saw them down in Ober Amergau were I was told that a lot of folks had them and that on new years it was custom to ring the valley with folks so armed, who fired on command to ward off witches for the coming year. When I jokingly ask if it works I was told there had been no witches in the last 200 years or so......
As to the gentleman on the street with the bolt action rifle, in Ulm we had an annual shooters walk where folks did a traditional Volks Marche sort of thing but at speed from the Munster over the river to Neu Ulm and out to our club. I wanted a patch for this badly but Uncle Sam always had other plans and I never got to participate. There was quite a stir in 1974 when both the run and shoot were won by a woman, the wife of a member, and the club at that time refused to honor it.
All of our BP events were Wednesday nights so as to not smoke out other members, model cannon of .50 to .75 were popular and fired with lead ball. I shot borrowed guns then as owning more than one or two guns was a pain for a lower enlisted man. I shot some original caplock military guns, some Italian replicas of revolvers, and once a 200+ year old Jager Rifle that really did require hammering a patchless lead ball all the way down the barrel. Thunder pistols like the OP shows were however not well thought of in the shooting club and some guys seemed to feel that they were making fun of serious shooters
-kBob