Edarnold
Member
Black-powder military rifles had to be cleaned (mostly) from the muzzle, including the Trapdoor Springfields. Narrow lands would be more vulnerable to being worn away at the muzzle from the steel cleaning rods. 3 groove barrels would be sturdier, any accuracy lost would be more than compensated by a longer service life. I believe the Trap-door 45-70 rifles, from 1873 to 1884, were made with 3-groove barrels. I know from owning one that the first small-bore issue rifle, the Swiss Schmidt-Rubin 1889, had 3-groove rifling that apparently worked fine with the paper-patched .30 caliber bullets of the original ammunition. There probably many other examples, I'll leave it to the collectors of 19th century firearms to chime in with more examples.