I've done a lot of comparisons between small and large primer 45.
It all depends on the powder used. In all cases I have seen a reduction in velocity when using small primers, usually it is somewhere around 30fps. However, for some powders, especially at reduced loads, I have seen as much as 100fps. In that case, I was testing PB powder. So, I tried an experiment with different primers at reduced loads.
I saw very little difference between CCI and Win small primers, < 10fps. But, (with PB) I saw almost 100fps difference between Win small and Win large primers. I also saw large spreads and standard deviations with the small primers as well. I then tried Win small magnum primers, and saw only 30fps less than the regular large primers.
I tested some of the other powders I have used that gave 30fps difference between large and small primers, and tested small magnum primers using those powders. I still saw a slight reduction in velocity compared to large primers, but not as much reduction as the regular small primers.
For me, I will use small magnum primers and load the same as I do for large primers.
One interesting thing I noticed early on when comparing large and small primers, I usually had lower standard deviations with the small primers. I did not notice a difference in accuracy, though, but I was not shooting benchrest at a long enough distance to really gauge accuracy.