I don't have experience with shorter barreled Mini's, or new Mini's in general (mine was a pre-revamp Ranch Rifle from 1989, and accuracy wasn't good) but the general consensus on the Mini-14 Forums is that having a gunsmith cut-and-crown the barrel to 16" and adding some muzzle weight, like a heavy flash suppressor, tended to tighten up groups. The commonly given reason is that the mini-14's barrel is rather thin and "whippy" as barrels go, and launching that heavy op rod off the gas block sets up bending moments. Shorter barrels have much smaller bending amplitudes, so it stands to reason that going shorter would mean more accuracy, if the barrels were otherwise the same.
If you are using an optic or scope, the only downsides of a shorter barrel are a little less velocity, and a little more muzzle blast, which the flash suppressor helps.