Airgun suppressors

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TurtlePhish

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I'm aware of the legal process, conditions, etc. for firearm suppressors, so no unnecessary "advice" on those, please.

I'm aware that a permanently attached suppressor on an airgun does not qualify as a federally regulated firearm suppressor, as it is not able to be easily detached and reattached to an actual firearm. An example of this is Gamo's line of "suppressed" pellet rifles, the suppressors of which are remarkably similar to actual firearm suppressors.

Could a suppressor be legally manufactured and attached to an airgun via the ATF approved method for perm. muzzle devices, i.e. pin and weld, 1100 degree solder, 4-point tack weld?

In asking, I realize that the initial making of the suppressor could potentially be a violation of federal law. I don't wanna break any laws here, so my idea was to first make the initial cap of the suppressor that would attach to the muzzle, then perm. attach it to the airgun. Following this, I would make and attach each baffle as a separate section, permanently attaching each one as it was made. Disassembly/cleaning isn't necessary- airguns really don't have any significant waste leaving the muzzle, if anything.

Thoughts, ideas, improvements, cautions, all would be appreciated.
 
Sounds like an interesting project and the manner you intend to go about constructing it seem appropriate ..however I'd strongly recommend sending a letter describing what you'd be interested in doing to the BATFE and obtaining their "blessing" in writing before proceeding. If they say it isn't acceptable at least you'll know why and have it in writing. I'm kind of curious as to what type of airgun you'd like to do this with. I've never seen much benefit with the Gamo or other spring piston airguns, which are fairly quiet to begin with. On the other hand, the pre-charged pneumatics are quite loud, and an integral "shrouded" barrel helps quiet them down a good bit! Good luck with your project! -LG
 
The truth of the matter is a lot is going to depend on the wording you give.

You must know your legal terminology.
You have already halfway outlawed it by including 'silencer' in the name, because silencers are a legally described entity that is restricted per the NFA.


Possession of 'silencer' parts has been deemed possession of a silencer itself.
So for example just the baffles to build one can be illegal possession of a silencer.
However the same parts are entirely legal for various mufflers. I have seen plenty of custom high flow motorcycle exhausts with a straight shot down the center and components little different than a firearm silencer, with the thing working in pretty much the same way.

For a similar example take this oil filter silencer which has been properly registered and paid for as an NFA item:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4ADdUgkW6A


Entirely legal to purchase without any paperwork or stamp, and is practically a ready made disposable silencer.
You are buying housing, 'baffles'/'wipes', and everything needed at once already assembled except a way to attach it to a firearm.
So supposedly they have deemed the adapter the 'silencer' rather than just outlaw oil filters.

However if you were to try and build that exact same oil filter from scratch, and give the internals silencer terminology in asking for permission, the very possession of the components alone without the tax stamp would be a crime.
It would be a crime to make the oil filter if you described it in silencer terminology and asked to make it without a tax stamp, even for some other unregulated purpose besides use with a firearm.
The silencer terminology identifying the item as a regulated device.



Likewise an airgun 'silencer' is not a silencer as defined by the law, a firearm per the NFA.
However a 'silencer' for a firearm is itself a firearm as defined by the NFA.
By calling it an airgun silencer, you have already identified it partially as a silencer, bringing it closer to within the scope of a regulated device.
If it is determined a firearm silencer, then it is a regulated firearm per the NFA (a silencer itself is a 'firearm' under the law.)

If the airgun silencer is determined to be a firearm silencer then it is a firearm per the NFA.
There is only one type of silencer in the law, and it is an NFA item, and anything you call a silencer is an NFA firearm.
Describing the airgun silencer as a silencer, or using firearm silencer terminology, is essentially legally telling them it is a firearm silencer and then asking if it is okay.
What do you think the response will be? They will err on the side of caution and give you a restrictive interpretation.


Now if you were a large manufacturer you could probably work out in more detail a specific design to do exactly what you wanted to make a permanent 'integral' airgun silencer that was not considered a firearm.
However as a single individual they are just going to tell you a restrictive interpretation to keep it simple, not knowing exactly how you might interpret it or misinterpret it, and you won't get the response you are looking for.

Something attached to an airgun to make it quieter is not a 'silencer' under the law.
Something considered a firearm silencer is a silencer under the law, and that includes something someone says is for an airgun.
Sounds like doublespeak maybe? It's not, that is the law. Things to make airguns quiet are unregulated, unless they are considered things for making a firearm quiet for even one shot by the ATF.

So you can technically make something permanently attached to an airgun, better hope it is actually 'permanent' though. However possession of the parts to make it while you are building it could be considered criminal possession of 'silencer' components aka possession of a firearm silencer until it is assembled and permanently attached to an airgun.
 
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For comparison, let us say I pick up a stick off the ground in California and ask if it is legal for me to carry this 'billy'. Or since you called a 'silencer' a suppressor (all the rage now, but legally they are silencers, and that was the terminology used by the inventor), lets say I called it a 'skull cracker'.

Well since I called it a billy or similarly identified it as a regulated weapon I have identified it as a regulated item, something which is a felony to carry.
Had I identified it as a fallen tree branch held in my hand it would be a legal fallen tree branch held in my hand.
But I identified it as a billy, which has a legal definition under the law.
I have now identified it as an object which is a felony to carry, so if I ask if I can carry it I should already know the answer.
Even though the item was not made as a regulated item, my identification of it as such has turned it into a regulated item, even in scenarios where it would not have been.

It is the same as your choice of the word 'silencer'.

An airgun 'quieter downer' is not regulated. Nor is an airgun 'earsaver'. Not even an airgun 'noise pollution reducer' is regulated.
A 'silencer' is an NFA regulated 'firearm'.
The parts to make a silencer are likewise a silencer per the ATF.
An item that can be attached to a firearm to reduce its decibel volume for even one shot is also a silencer per the ATF (this is where a device for reducing the report of an airgun must be careful.)

So you have already partially convicted yourself with your choice of terminology by taking something unregulated in various situations, into a regulated category described by law. (Now I still wouldn't want to possess the parts of an 'airgun quieter downer' because even though unregulated they could be misinterpreted as parts to a completely and legally different regulated device. The court system my not believe you, is not fair, is expensive, and the ATF has to boost its stats fighting crime someplace.)
 
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I only used the word "suppressor" because it's the commonly accepted term for a device that reduces the report of a projectile weapon. I'm perfectly aware of both the laws and ATF's ambiguity. I'll send their tech branch a letter regarding my ideas. But, like I originally stated, no unnecessary "advice", thanks. The point at which an unregulated item becomes regulated is the point at which it can be attached to and used with a firearm, not simply when you give it a fancy name. An airgun silencer is not a regulated item, even by the exact name "airgun silencer", unless it can be attached to and used with a firearm. On the other hand, a "handgun quieter downer" would be a regulated item, even though it doesn't use the specific word "silencer", as it is intended for attaching to a firearm to reduce the report. You can give anything any name, but in the end, it's really a question of what it actually does.
 
You clearly miss the point.

When you define something by the legal terms used for a regulated item you remove half of the argument that it is not a regulated item if the need were to arise.


Silencer is a legal term under federal law, so it means something quite specific in reference to the law. It is an NFA firearm in the United States. Many noise reduction products that reduce the report of machinery and devices which are not firearms are not 'silencers' under federal law.


You you cannot just call an item that is regulated by definition of what it does another name and use it, as you mention.
However when a specific item is regulated by name your use of that name with a legally defined federal definition to refer to another similar but unregulated item is detrimental to you both immediately and later if it was in court.
Sometimes it matters and sometimes it does not.




And yes many items are legal or illegal based on the term adopted for them.
Some flash suppressors are identical to some muzzle breaks, (and some are quite separate and distinct from each other.) Even though they may be designed to accomplish something slightly different, and so are given a different name.
However flash suppressors are an "assault weapon" feature in places including in the whole country during the expired AWB, and muzzle brakes generally are not.
This means the difference of two identical items legally in some cases can be simply the name given by the manufacturer of the item.
The one that calls their product a muzzle brake is legal while the one that calls their product a flash suppressor is restricted more places. The purchaser does not get to rename it, but the manufacturer of the item in this case defines what the item is that they have created, both divert gas in different directions with an attachment on the muzzle for different as well as some overlapping reasons.
Who gets to tell you why that gas is being diverted? The manufacturer of the item, and if they say its to be a muzzle brake and not hide the flash, well they know their product better than anyone else does.

Here I show this example with pictures of a mini-14 attachment as it applies to California law:
Legal muzzle break made by one company:
1438nbfull.gif


Illegal felony flash suppressor/hider:
blued.jpg




Similarly many guns are banned by name in some places. Yet nearly identical firearms simply renamed are legal. In fact companies and the firearm industry frequently get around bans by name simply by making the firearm with a different name, perhaps changing some minor thing so warrant the name change or different model designation.
The legislation defines the specific firearm by name, and so nearly the same firearm by a different name is not prohibited, the name has a legal definition by law.


In law there is times when the name is very important because it has a legal definition within jurisdictions.
Casually throwing around names that have legal definitions is one of the reasons people have lawyers speak for them, because they can hurt themselves bad just by using the wrong term for something.


By using the terminology of a restricted item you may find yourself limiting your options more when asking someone such as the ATF to give a legal interpretation on whether an item falls into their jurisdiction as a regulated item, or does not.


The ATF has said any device that will reduce the report of a firearm by even one decibel is a silencer. Yet just barrel length the same length of a device reduces the muzzle report by several decibels in many cases. A few more inches of barrel is a decibel or more quieter. Likewise a hollow tube like the fake suppressors sold for some firearms for aesthetic purposes do as well. A little more space for the gas to expand in before it escapes will reduce the decibels if measured with a microphone. They are not intended to be silencers though, so even though they fit the very definition the ATF has previously given of a silencer by reducing the report by at least a decibel, are not silencers.


As the manufacturer of an item the terminology you use is of major importance in some cases. You cannot get away with violating the law by calling something something which it is not, but you can comply with the law by designing something for one purpose or another as a product or within a product that is not regulated the same way.
For example airsoft and bb guns are not held to the laws requiring a red or orange tip many places. While toy guns are.
So if you made such a toy gun without an orange tip without making the distinction that it was a BB gun you could be in violation of many laws. Be charged and fined accordingly.
A toy pea shooter gun designed to shoot green peas would need an orange tip, while an airsoft or bb gun using the same diameter projectile would not need an orange tip.
Your terminology of the item in question would determine the legality of the item.
Some pepper ball guns used in riot control similarly are little different from a paintball gun.
However a pepper ball gun may be restricted by legislation in some places irregardless of what type of ammo is in it, including if it has just regular paint balls in it, just because it is manufactured and sold as some sort of riot control or chemical dispensing device. While a paintball gun may not be.
So the manufacturer's definition of what the item is, even if they both project the same diameter projectile with the same air, can play a huge role in what the item legally is and what restrictions apply.
Pepper spray meant as self-defense from people is illegal or has restrictions some places that the same spray made for bear defense does not. One may be legal or illegal for example in parts of Canada or some states based on what purposes it was manufactured for and the marketing or terminology used by the manufacturer. It may have possession of capacity limits for one type and not another, etc
Even though they are both projecting the same or a similar mixture, the difference can be severe legally. (Now that doesn't make it legal to possess the animal spray for people, or plan for such self-defense, or walk down the street where no bears are in the city, but in other situations it determines just the legality of possession of the product. One product marketed for self-defense against humans is illegal, while the other marketed for bear defense may even be encouraged by the local government. It is not because of what the product does, or what it is per say, but what the manufacturer has defined it as under the law.)

Terminology under the law matters.
 
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While that's all well and good, I don't intend to find myself in court at any time in the future. The final opinion on this matter will be the ATF, I'll be sending them a letter in the next week or so.
 
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