pax is correct of course.
Not just boys, girls as well benefit from
Parenting, and
Responsible Adults passing forward to them, being involved with, and being accessible.
One does not need a "study" - just look at history.
Somehow boys and girls managed to grow up without/ before Gubmint Meddlin' and the Parents/ Adults being
Indoctrinated - that Gubmint knew more about one's kids, than the parents , grandparents , and other Adults being reponsible in the child's stages of development.
My perspective is, sometimes folks have to investigate for themselves.
Steve's Gubmint Meddlin' & Indoctrination test.
Needed items : One hammer, and Thumb
Test One : Thumb is fine, NO Gubmint Meddlin' or Indoctrination.
Common sense, Parenting , Responsible Adults passing forward, and in this test "Hitting thumb with hammer hurts"
Test Two : Gubmint Indoctrinates to hit thumb with hammer, Gubmint "says" they have tested this and you can trust the Gubmint to take care of you.
Take both tests above as often as needed. Stick with whichever one gives YOU the best results.
Feel Free to apply anytime you feel Gubmint Meddlin' and Indoctrination is something you want to re-consider.
Steve