I was born, raised and lived in the Los Angeles basin for most of my life. The emissions testing started in So Cal in the early 70's and has progressed to what it is now. Every 2 years one had to have the car tested and certified in order to register it. For a long time, if the repairs required to get the car to pass the smog test were over $250, one could get a waiver. Seems to me that has gone by the wayside in the PRK but that's probably where the $450 "waiver" referenced above comes from.
The testing requirement really made a difference for the better in air quality in So Cal. Now with the newer more efficient cars, I don't know if it's necessary any longer. However, businesses offering the test had to fork out some serious money for the testing equipment. Seems to me only a small portion of the total, maybe $6 per car went to the state. When you add it up, that comes out to real money after awhile.
The testing requirement really made a difference for the better in air quality in So Cal. Now with the newer more efficient cars, I don't know if it's necessary any longer. However, businesses offering the test had to fork out some serious money for the testing equipment. Seems to me only a small portion of the total, maybe $6 per car went to the state. When you add it up, that comes out to real money after awhile.