Also what are some recommendations for an heirloom quality bolt action rifle?
Depends on how you define heirloom quality -- wood and steel? Composite stock OK?
For current production wood and steel bolt actions in .308 Winchester, I wouldn't kick any of the following out of bed:
Kimber 84M, Tikka T3, Howa 1500 (including Weatherby Vanguard), CZ 557, Ruger Hawkeye, Sako 85, Winchester M70, Remington M700
Final selection would depend on your budget, availability, and which stock design you prefer. It really pays to handle lots of different rifles before committing to a particular stock and action choice. Personally, I like the Kimber 84M factory offerings: one action with several finish and stock choices.
Bear in mind, this is the shallow end of the pool price-wise -- there are custom and semi-custom choices that require seriously deep pockets. Here's an article from last year on the subject:
https://precisionrifleblog.com/2019/01/28/best-gunsmith/
With regard to which class of rifle class lasts longer, the part that usually wears out is the bore (unless its a Remington 700/721 -- I've personally seen broken extractors on 3 different rifles.) There are exceptions, but the more common models of bolt action rifles are relatively easy to have barrels replaced, while single shots (particularly break barrel) less so. That said, it takes a long time to wear out a hunting rifle bore, often generations. The guys who burn through barrels quickly are varmint shooters, competitive target shooters and the full auto guys.
BTW, I just bought a copy of a book that may whet your appetite for fine hunting rifles. It includes the author's advice on what selection criteria he finds important -- he makes great points but I personally think he's pretty fussy!:
https://www.amazon.com/Great-Hunting-Rifles-Victorian-Present/dp/1510731695