Eroding the rifling (throat erosion) is not a matter of "yes" or "no", but of how much. Every round you shoot erodes the rifling somewhat, and rapid fire makes it happen faster. Roughly the more rounds you fire through the hotter the barrel, the more it will erode.
As for metal strength, the metallurgy of the steel will not be affected until you get to the 1000F temperature range.
Since we're talking about an AK and not a match grade M1A or AR15, I merely suggest that you take a break when things start smoking or start on fire.
A friend of mine who does class 3 stuff has had the wood handguards on some of his AK-types start smoking from the wood smouldering. The guns still run okay.
-z