Yes, it was definately not used by Samurai, male or female (female members of samurai families were taught the use of the Naginata [halberd] and would also have shunned a firearm). The pattern may be mere decoration then. It may have been carried by a member of the mechant class, and may not have been worn with traditional dress. Western dress was known and used by the Japanese as the century progressed and the Meiji era continued.
The Meiji government began in 1868, with the last big revolt, the Satsuma Rebellion [the basis for the movie The Last Samurai] happening in 1877. The French were heavily involved from 1868 on, it was French officers not Americans, that advised and trained the Japanese army at that time..., so maybe it was made in France?
LD