You know, I've been through exactly what you're describing, as I only started shooting a handgun about 3 or so years ago myself. I started with a 40S&W HK P2000, a good amount of recoil in a rather smallish handgun. I jerked that thing like crazy for about 2k rounds before I figured out what I was doing wrong.
Just like me, you are anticipating reflex, as others have said. There are several things you can do to overcome this.
1) Slow fire, very very slow, alot. Press the trigger so slowly you are suprised by the shot breaking. Do this ALOT.
2) Continue practicing with your .22 pistol. Increased trigger time on a soft-recoiling weapon will help you forget the reflex altogether on your other guns.
3) Spend alot of time dry-firing. Unload your gun and practice going through the motions. When you press the trigger, nothing happens, and you will eventually convince yourself that there is no recoil to anticipate. then, when you put live ammo IN the gun and shoot it for real, you combine that conditioned response to not anticipate with the reality of a live round. This was incredibly helpful for me.
4) Buy snap caps and practice the "ball and dummy drill." Load a mag randomly with snap caps interspersed in with your live rounds. If you can have a friend do it for you, that's better - but if you're alone, It's ok, just try not to pay attention to the order you load the dummies in. As you shoot, eventually, the hammer will fall and nothing will happen. In that instant, you will see exactly what you are doing to the gun when you press the trigger. Next time you press the trigger, not knowing what will happen, you should be holding the gun perfectly still, and you will get a great shot off. Odds are that in one afternoon of doing this drill your shooting will improve 100% - it definitely did with me.
5) Here's a new one for me, but it's helping me more than I ever thought it would - and respectfully to all the Weaver shooters here - try the Isosceles stance.
I found that, when I was standing with my off hand pulling down on the gun (Weaver stance), that REALLY facilitated me jerking down - I was probably pulling more with my off hand than anything else. I read about the modern Isosceles stance, which is used by almost every top competitive shooter, and decided I would give it a try.
Take the gun in your strong hand, close to your body. Take your weak hand and wrap the fingers of your weak hand across the top of the fingers of your strong hand. POINT YOUR WEAK THUMB DIRECTLY AT THE TARGET, and lay your strong thumb on top of that thumb. This way your weak wrist is locked out and braced down and forms a VERY strong platform in conjunction with your strong hand.
Put the gun in front of your face, look through the sights. Push the whole hand / gun assembly out in front of your face, don't lock your elbows - have maybe 1-2" of slack in your elbows so you don't get too fatigued.
Stand squarely to the target and lean forward slightly, think "aggressive."
When you press the trigger, the gun will recoil directly back into BOTH hands, and if you're grip is proper - i.e. correct pressure on all sides of the gun - you will be suprised to see that the sights go straight up and come right back down to where they were before. That's called "tracking" and by adjusting how much pressure you put on the gun with each hand individually, you can get the gun to track very consistently no matter how fast you shoot. Meanwhile, all that recoil is very much absorbed by not just your strong hand pushing out but by both arms, acting like pistons.
I had no idea how to shoot an accurate "hammer" at 7 yards before I tried this stance, but it makes shooting fast and accurately unbelievably easier.
And to your concern, it will help you avoid anticipating, since, in order to duck that muzzle down, you will have to lean your WHOLE BODY down, or push BOTH ARMS down from the SHOULDER, which you are probably less likely to do - I find that anticipating usually comes in the wrists, which you had more freedom to flex in the Weaver stance.
I hope this is helpful - not an exhaustive list of things to try but they should all help you, hopefully as much as they did me.