Well, there are universal decapping dies, like this -
http://www.midwayusa.com/viewproduct/?productnumber=136543
but decapping is usually handled by the resizing die, and those are more or less "caliber specific".
Like a lot of things, there is no one answer to a lot of questions. For example, some reloaders use a resizing die on a single stage press to deprime and resize bottleneck cases, tumble to remove lubricant, and then use a universal decapping die in the first station of a progressive press to knock out any media that might be caught in the primer hole. The reason for using a universal decapping die is that it doesn't attempt to resize the case, which would require lube (which was just cleaned off) and would unnecessarily work the brass.
However, it is more common to do decapping as part of resizing.
Some resizing dies can be adjusted to handle different case lengths. I believe .44 Magnum / .44 Special and .357 Magnum / .38 Special are examples. However, these are straight-walled cases and really only differ in length, so the same die will work.
However, 9mm Luger is described here
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9x19mm_Parabellum
and .38 Special is described here
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.38_Special
You can see that the cases are completely different in dimension, so the resizing dies have to match.
So, yes, you can get a universal decapping die that will fit almost any cartridge. However, you still need to get a resizing die for each, and those come with decapping capability.
Unless you have a specific need for universal decapping, I'm not sure it is going to save you anything.