And on requirements definition and compliance.You continue to dwell on product development, performance analysis, etc. etc. that manufacturers use to develop ammunition --
Irrelevant.-- which may or may not result in adequate penetration to cause physiological incapacitation in any particular individual.
The ammunition must pass FBI testing protocols tp meet FBI requirements.However, manufactured ammunition, tested against whatever protocols barrier or none, must be capable of penetrating at least 12" in soft-tissue in order to meet FBI's bullet penetration requirement -- in order to cause physiological incapacitation in most people.
Whether it will cause "physiological incapacitation in most people" will depend on where the bullets strike.
One more time, the tests are defined by the FBI.Whether manufacturers' testing procedures can verify that or not is totally irrelevant
The FBI has never issued such a requirement.in validity of FBI's 12" minimum penetration requirement in soft-tissue
FBI and other personnel have concluded that such penetration is needed, but it is not an "FBI requirement".To simplify as much as possible: FBI requires 12" minimum penetration in soft-tissue for physiological incapacitation "in the street,"
Manufacturers do perform the own testing for developmental purposes, but it does not objectively demonstrate compliance with FBI requirements....ammunition manufacturers attempt (with various degrees of failure) to simulate that requirement with "gel" in their testing facilities.
For that, testing is performed by independent laboratories, using FBI gel formulas and barrier materials.