First off, I will NEVER BE SHOOTING ANYTHING FURTHER THEN 150 YARDS. This is very important to consider when suggesting a caliber. I need a round that will kill ANYTHING up to 150 yards.
You won't get this with most pistol calibers. A .44 Magnum levergun is at its limit for whitetail at 150 yards. It won't fit the "anything" bill. You can get Pumas in .454, .480, etc, but they cost as much if not more than rifle rounds.
The only calibers that fit your bill would be the .450 Marlin or .45-70. Standard Remington ammo, Hornady LEVERevolution, and some of the less expensive hardcast ammo goes for about $1.20 per round, which isn't that bad. These aren't the Buffalo Bore/Cor-Bon barnburner loads, but you're throwing almost an ounce of lead nearly a half inch wide, you don't need high velocity.
As others have said, reloading is the way to go. That goes for ANY cartridge, nothing is cheap anymore with the price of metals skyrocketing like it is.