For 30-06, Your gonna need Large Rifle Primers
For the 300 Win Mag, I think you would need Large Rifle Magnum Primers. Although, Don't hold me to it since I do not load it.
Get your dies according to your calibers. Get a Full Length Sizing die for the brass you pick up off the floor and get a Neck Sizing die for brass that has already been shot in your rifle. The kit will come with the Seating/Crimping die.
Powders, Well...That is very hard to say because you can use quite a few different kinds depending on the application and bullet weight.
You need a manual. Lymans 49th edition is a good manual.
Also, See if your local library has the "ABC'S Of Realoding" and get it.
Read it from cover to cover and you will get the basics down pretty quickly.
Also, Make sure to get lube for your rifle cases. Your going to need it to be able to FL Size them.
You can sell those dies and primed brass here on THR or maybe you can trade them for some 300 Win Mag or 30-06 dies to help you get started.
That press you have is what is called a "Single Stage" by the looks of it. It's good for reloading rifle rounds. I prefer a single stage myself when it comes to rifle. I'm not sure if that is the "Little Dandy Powder Measure" you got there. But it does look like it. I don't know much personally about it but I know some people here like it quite a bit.
That scale, Make sure to zero it out each time you go to use it before each reloading session. Get some check weights to make sure it is +/-.1 Gr which is acceptable.
First thing being, First, Get the book from the library if you can, If not order it. Once your done with that, Then you can move on from there.
Welcome to THR and to the world of Reloading.
Oh and this,
http://www.thehighroad.org/showthread.php?t=652872
If you have a Kindle, You can buy the ABC'S of Reloading for $0.99
Also, There is no load date in this book, But the Lymans 49th is a reloading manual which I mentioned this book earlier.