http://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/places-go/shooting-range-and-outdoor-education-centers
Lake City range is north of Blue Springs.
Parma Woods range is northwest of Parkville.
These are both highly regulated ranges with range officers on duty. There is a small fee per hour, cease fire is called 4 times per hour, paper targets only, no silhouette targets, no rapid fire, etc.
There is a good range at Pigeon Hill Conservation Area southeast of Saint Joseph, MO that is open daylight hours and does not have range officers on duty, so you have to look out for yourself. It can get crowded on the weekends and can be nerve racking. It's a nice place to shoot if you can go early in the morning on a weekday. It has 25, 50, & 100 yard ranges. No fees.
http://www.pioneergunclub.org
I've been a member of Pioneer for about 10 years. I think annual membership dues are $200 now, plus there is a fee ($100 I think) to cover background check and membership processing when you first join. Pioneers has a lot of organized disciplines and matches. The outdoor range is east of Lee"s Summit about 15 miles. There is a small indoor range between Raytown and Lee's Summit.
If you like to shoot handguns, come up north to Show Me Shooters in Claycomo and shoot bowling pins with me on Thursday nights at 6pm. You can shoot 8 tables of 5 bowling pins for $15. You do not need to be a member of their range to shoot the pin matches. There are no prizes, we just do it for fun.
http://www.showmeshooters.com/hours-location