I think it's a pressure problem. Since the current SAAMI limits for a .38 Special are set at only 17,000 PSI pushing the charge to only 18,500 PSI isn't a big deal. (considering the old limits for the .38 Special +P were 20,000 PSI and originally 21,500 PSI)
The 9mm has a limit of 35,000 PSI which is fairly high to begin with. Pushing the limits much higher would really stress older pistols even at 38,500 PSI. There aren't many non-Magnum handgun cartridges with higher pressures than a standard 9mm and none above the 9mm +P limits other than the .357 Sig.
I have a feeling it's as simple as that...